【引用格式】吴剑,蔡然泽,齐飚,等. 经桡动脉入路行脑血管造影后发生早期桡动脉闭塞危险因素分析[J]. 中国神经精神疾病杂志,2024,50(6):332-336.
【Cite this article】WU J,CAI R Z,QI B,et al. Incidence and predictors of early radial artery occlusion associated transradial approach[J]. Chin J Nervous Mental Dis,2024,50(6):332-336.
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0152.2024.06.003
吴剑 蔡然泽 齐飚 李秋平
复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院神经外科
复旦大学附属中山医院神经外科
目的 探索经桡动脉入路(transradial approach,TRA)行全脑血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)后发生早期桡动脉闭塞(radial artery occlusion,RAO)的危险因素。
方法 纳入2021年7月至2024年1月在复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院接受TRA行DSA的患者,分为RAO组和非RAO组,收集患者的基本信息、桡动脉穿刺次数、预防桡动脉痉挛药剂中是否加入肝素等,分析及探讨其发生早期RAO的相关因素。
结果 一共543例患者纳入研究,术后24 h行上肢血管多普勒超声评估,其中RAO组32例,非RAO组511例。穿刺成功后未即刻鞘注预防桡动脉痉挛的药剂中加入肝素,桡动脉穿刺次数大于3次,使用11cm短鞘,使用Cordis裸钢针的患者,其RAO发生比率明显高于非RAO组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析显示,穿刺成功后即刻鞘注预防桡动脉痉挛的药剂中加入肝素(OR=0.076,95%CI: 0.018~0.321,P<0.001)、桡动脉穿刺次数小于3次(OR=0.245,95%CI: 0.111~0.541,P<0.001)、使用16cm长鞘(OR=0.195,95%CI: 0.067~0.564,P=0.003)、使用泰尔茂套筒针(OR=0.325,95%CI: 0.148~0.717,P=0.005),可以减少术后早期RAO发生。
结论 鞘内注射肝素抗凝,用套管针提高穿刺成功率,使用16 cm长鞘,能显著降低DSA后早期RAO发生率。
1.3 TRA行全脑血管造影中桡动脉穿刺置管手术流程 消毒铺巾,在桡骨茎突上约2 cm处桡动脉搏动最强处穿刺,随机选择裸钢针(Cordis公司,美国)或套筒针(泰尔茂公司,日本)穿刺桡动脉,随机置入11 cm、16 cm桡动脉鞘(其直径随机为4F、5F)。置鞘成功后即鞘注预防桡动脉痉挛的混合药剂(俗称:鸡尾酒。配方:硝酸甘油 200 mg+维拉帕米2 mg。本研究中部分患者未在鸡尾酒中加入肝素,部分患者在鸡尾酒中加入肝素钠2500 U)。进一步完成DSA,术中维持肝素持续滴注(每500 mL生理盐水+2000 U单位肝素,滴注速度约15~20滴/分)。术后统一使用TR-Band绷带压迫止血。
Tab.1 Results of clinical data analysis of RAO patients versus non-RAO patients表1 RAO与非RAO患者临床资料比较结果
2.2 早期RAO的多因素logistic分析 将鞘内注射肝素、桡动脉穿刺次数、16 cm长鞘、套管针纳入Logistic回归方程,结果显示穿刺成功后鞘内注射肝素(OR=0.076,95%CI:0.018~0.321,P<0.001)、桡动脉穿刺次数小于3次(OR=0.245,95%CI:0.111~0.541,P<0.001)、16 cm长鞘(OR=0.195,95%CI:0.067~0.564,P=0.003)、套管针(OR=0.325,95%CI:0.148~0.717,P=0.005)是减少术后早期桡动脉闭塞发生率的独立危险因素(表2)。
Tab.2 Analysis of the multivariate logistic regression results from the early RAO表2 早期RAO的多因素Logistic回归结果分析
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WU JianCAI RanzeQI Biao LI Qiuping
Department of Neurosurgury, Xiamen Branch, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University
ObjectiveThis study was to explore factors related to early radial artery occlusion (RAO) associated transradial approach(TRA).
MethodsPatients who underwent the TRA from July 2021 to Jan 2024 were included in our study. Patients were divided into radial artery occlusion group and non-radial artery occlusion group. The data of general demography, the number of radial artery punctures attempts, and whether add heparin to the Antispasmodic Agents were recorded to assess the incidence and predictors of RAO.
ResultsA total of 543 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent ultrasound evaluation 24h after DSA. Among them, 32 cases experienced RAO, while 511 cases did not experienced RAO. The occurrence rate of RAO was significantly higher in patients without addition of heparin to the antispasmodic agents for the prevention of radial artery spasm, those with more than 3 radial artery puncture attempts and those using either an 11 cm short sheath, or Cordis puncture needles (all P<0.05). Multiple logistic analysis showed that addition of heparin to the Antispasmodic Agents(OR=0.076,95%CI:0.018~0.321,P<0.001), less than 3 radial artery puncture attempts (OR=0.245,95%CI:0.111~0.541,P<0.001), using an 16 cm longer sheath (OR=0.195,95%CI:0.067~0.564,P=0.003), using an Terumo puncture needles(OR=0.325,95%CI:0.148~0.717,P=0.005) could reduce the incidence of RAO.
ConclusionsAnticoagulation with intrathecal heparin, application of trocar to improve the success rate of puncture, and the use of a 16 cm long sheath can significantly reduce the incidence of early RAO after DSA.
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初审:甘章平
审核:邢世会
审定发布:张为西