Unit 16 The Sea

汤姆从桥上跳下去救那溺水的小孩。

当鱼叉刺近入鲸的躯体时，它一头沉下水面。

下雨了，我们冲进一家饭店去躲雨。

暴风雨来临时，我们急忙寻找躺避的地方。

一个潜水员潜到海底，去检查那艘沉没的轮船。

我最喜好的运动是跳水。

护士冲洗伤口。

天热时我们常在河里去河里游泳。

男孩们洗完澡，穿好衣，便下楼吃中饭去了。

大多数美国人喜欢在周末好好的洗个澡。

据说那个人滑进水里就淹死了。

谁为我记的时？成绩不可能是这样。

时间是宝贵的。

你一次不能吃两个。

你随时都可以来看我。

我们应随时认识到自己的不足。

我们决不会放弃。

我曾在日本住过。

有时我确实觉得有点儿紧张。

天一直在下雨。

暂时是足够了。

我马上就回来。

试试仰游。

伐子沿着河水缓慢地流着。

事故发生在今天早上凌晨。

我突然想到一个办法。

那时，碰巧我没带钱。

货物按重量计费。

货物按磅出售。　

工人们的工资是按天来算的。

按码卖布。

集市上他们按打卖蛋。

他们按体积收取我的货物费用。

我们的报酬是计件的。

太阳从东方升起，从西方落。

种子还没发芽。

这个话题在谈话中被提出来了。

我的号码中奖了，奖金一百英磅。

我能看出这是怎样发生的。

或许我会在日本碰上他。

他的生意进展很顺利。

手柄已经掉了。

天一黑星星就出来了。

你的工作没有达到我的期望。

我可以把没来的人名字划掉吗？

首先我们必须决定先忽略什么。

晚上，如果将自行车放在外面，很快会变旧。

我们国家的人口主要由工人和农民组成。

现在越来越多的学生在星期六和星期天补习功课。

这个有趣的故事是编造的。

据说英语考试很难。许多学生不得不补考。

他们为那个不速之客在沙发开了个铺。

勤奋能弥补先天不足/勤能补拙。

平均起来，这个厂的工人每月能拿七百元。

我们平均每天收到六封电子邮件。

今年七一我们党支部吸收了两名新党员。

黑衣服能吸收较多的阳光。

请把那位女士带进来。

学生们发现你教的东西容易理解。

他决定那男孩必须离开这儿。

她决定去乡下定居。

他们有权为自己作决定。

她忙于照看三个小孩。

那时，要是我留下就好了。

但愿我是老师就好了。

今天我要是能去参观长城就好了。

明天我要是能登上月球就好了。

这是因为地球的三分之二是由广阔的海洋构成的。

我们班由20位男同学和20位女同学组成。

该试卷由两部分组成。

他们吵了架，但很快就言归于好。

她花了30分钟化妆。

她说的是真话还是纯属虚构？

make 构成的其他短语

警铃响的时候，观众朝出口奔去。

奶油是用牛奶制成的。

一张木制的椅子

母亲把她的外套改成裙子给我穿。

那个男孩用废金属做了个飞机。

我看着火车进站。

这话即逗得大家都笑了。

他设法把发动机开动起来。

他的话使我摸不清到底是什么意思。

在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语补足语的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to则可）。常见的可用于类似结构的词有：　

例如：-- Would you go to visit the Great Wall with us?

你和我们一起去参观万里长城好吗？

-- Yes, I’m glad to.

好的，我和你们一起去。

2）动词：like, love, expect, manage, try, hope, pretend, wish, refuse, agree, want, afford, fall, forget, remember, used to, have to等。

例如：-- Did you invite him to dinner yesterday?

你昨天邀请他赴宴了吗？

-- Yes, I tried to, but he refused to come.

我邀请了他，不过他不愿意来。

3）带宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask, order, allow, wish, permit, expect, force, warn, forbid, persuade等。

例如：Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.

除非你们的老师同意，否则不要去碰任何东西。

注意：　如果承前省略的不定式内容是be或作助动词用的have时，to后要保留be或have。

例如：--Are you a college student?

你是大学生吗？

--No, but I want to be.

不是，不过我希望将来我会是。

2.否定句的省略回答

在回答否定祈使句、否定疑问句、否定主句的反意疑问句时，否定回答要用“no+否定短句”；肯定回答要用“yes+肯定短句”，二者不可混用。这种省略回答中的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。例如：

1）否定疑问句

例如：-- Isn’t your uncle an engineer?

难道你叔叔不是一位工程师吗？

-- No, he isn’t.

是的，他不是。

2）否定祈使句

例如：-- Don’t turn on the radio, please.　

请不要开收音机。

-- Yes, I will. /No, I won’t.

不，我要开。/好的，我不开。

3）否定主句的反意疑问句

例如：-- You are not a new member, are you?

你不是新会员，是吗？

--No, I’m not. I joined only yesterday.

是的，我不是。我昨天才入会。

3.状语从句的省略

状语从句省略主语时，连词后用现在分词表示动作与所省略的主语有主动关系；连词后用过去分词表示动作与所省略的主语有被动关系。连词后是系表结构时，主语和系动词均可省去。

1）时间状语

例如：Water will boil when heated. （省略了it is）

水加热到一定的程度就会沸腾。

2）让步状语

例如：Though told to stop, he kept on working. （省略了he was）

尽管他被告之停下来，但是他却仍在继续干。

3）条件状语

例1：He often kept silent unless spoken to. （省略了he was）

除非有人找他说话，否则他是不吭声的。

例2：Fill in the blanks with articles if （when/where） necessary. （省略了it is）

在必要的地方填上冠词。

4）比较状语

例1：You came later than required. （省略了you were）

你来得比规定的时间晚了点。

例2：In winter, it’s much colder in Beijing than in Guangzhou. （省略了it is）

冬季，北京的天气比广州要冷得多。

5）方式状语

例如：She hurried away as if angry. （省略了she was）

她急急忙忙的就走了，好象是生气了。

4.虚拟条件句中if的省略

在虚拟条件句中，当从句中的if省略时，从句要用倒装语序。这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可。常见句式更换如下：

1）与现在事实相反

例如：If I were you （=Were I you）, I would go with him.

我若是你的话，就会和他一起去。

2）与过去事实相反

例如：If I had had time then （=Had I had time then）, I would have gone with you.

假如我当时有时间，我是会和你一起去的。

3）与将来事实相反

例如：If I were to visit /should visit/ visited the Great Wall tomorrow （= Were I to /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow）, I would take my son with me.

万一我明天有可能去参观长城，我就会带上我的儿子。

注意：　在否定句中not不可提至主语前。例如：

（误）Weren’t I here now, I would be in the bus.

（正）Were I not here now, I would be in the bus.

如果我此时不在此地，那我就已经在公交车上了。

5.比较级的省略

例如：The pianos in the other shop will be ______, but ______.

A. cheaper, not as better B. more cheap, not as better

C. cheaper, not as good D. more cheap, not as good

该题应选C。全句补充完整为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper （than those in this shop）, but not as good as those in this shop. A, B,D项均有语法错误，故全排除。

这种含省略结构的比较句型，特别要注意连词后有主语或宾语时，连词要保留，否则不保留。试比较：

He sings as well as, if not better than, his brother.

=He sings as well as his bother, if not better.

他唱歌如果不比他弟弟好，至少也跟他弟弟唱得一样好。

（A）

背景提示：以下是鲍波要求他朋友明天来聚一聚的场景。可碰巧他朋友的爷爷八十岁生日，朋友建议他安排在本周末。鲍波同意了，并说要好好聊一聊。请根据所学内容，补全对话。

W: Hi, Bob. Can you （1） sometime tomorrow evening? Nothing special. It’s just that it’s been such a long time since we’ve had chance to （2） .

（B）

W: Yes, I’m going to Xinjiang for （6） first, then I’ll （7） to catch my plane. I （8） the States on the 17th.

W: I’ve really （9） here. You’re all such good students. Send me a card and let me know where you are and what you’re doing after graduation.

（C）

B Oh, （14） ! I’d love to have come, but actually, Sunday would have been difficult too, because I went on a river trip practically the whole day. I don’t know whether you know the trip.

T: Well, we had a wonderful time. I thought you might enjoy it because Tom and his wife were coming. You’ve met them before.

1、国外佳作欣赏

Ocean Living

Can you imagine travelling to work in a one-man submarine? Some scientists believe that some day one-man submarines will be as numerous automobiles as today. A famous French driver says, “One day soon, men will walk on the ocean floor as they do on the street!” Perhaps during your lifetime people will travel, work, and live in the sea.

If human beings want to live in the ocean, many human problems will need to be studied first. Some of these problems, similar to those of living in outer space, are pressure, lack of oxygen and weightlessness. Many questions remain unanswered. For example, can our blood adjust itself to underwater surroundings? What will happen to our muscle if we live in the water very long? Scientists are searching for answers.

Perhaps in the future man will live in the sea, away from the crowded and noisy cities on land. The sea has plenty of space, not only for floating communities and parks, but also for storing supplies and for underwater travel.

Some scientists believe that ocean living will benefit man in more than physical ways. In the freedom and beauty of the deep sea , man may find new sources of joy .

NOTES ：1. submarine n. 潜水艇 2. numerous adj. 许多 3. automobile n. 汽车，自动车 4. similar adj. 相似的 5. lack n. 缺乏 6. adjust v. 调整 7. community n. 团体

副词性评述是利用一些起关联作用的副词来提示说话人或作者的语气、意图、态度等，以利于接收者更好地理解对方的信息，这类关联词很多，常见的有naturally, obviously, certainly, surely, really 等。

② Obviously you will have to give up your job.

3、高考演习

1.地理位置：亚洲东部，濒临太平洋，邻国有俄罗斯、印度、越南（Vietnam）等国家；

2.面积：960万平方公里；

3.河流：有许多大河流，其中长江、黄河是最重要的河流；长江是第一长河，黄河是第二长河；

　　4.行政区：有28个省、自治区（autonomous regions），四个直辖市（cities directly under the central government）等；

　　5.人口：十二亿多；

6.民族（nationality）：有56个民族，其中汉族占94%。

（A）　Pentagon Readies Microwave Bomb for Baghdad

The Pentagon has accelerated development of a new generation of advanced precision weaponry that could be ready for use in a high－tech battle for Baghdad, according to US military sources．Weapons ready for battlefield deployment include a microwave bomb that emits powerful pulses of energy to destroy enemy electronics, disable communications and even block vehicle ignitions, without hurting bystanders．Defence researchers have also successfully tested a radical thermobaric warhead－－previously described as a "vacuum bomb"－－to be aimed at suspected chemical and biological stockpiles．The warheads are designed to produce a heat so intense that any contaminants released into the atmosphere are neutralised instantly．Military scientists have long been intrigued by the potential harnessing of microwave technology to paralyse enemy capabilities．The US air force used a related technique to disable Yugoslavian power grids during the Kosovo campaign．The combination of overwhelming firepower and technological expertise helps explain why so many pentagon officials are convinced that the battle for Baghdad will prove a walkover.

（一）美攻伊将使用微波炸弹

美国军方人士说, 五角大楼已经加快研制一种新型尖端精确武器。这种武器可能会在巴格达的高技术战斗中投入使用。已经做好准备将在战场上使用的武器, 包括一种微波炸弹（或称电磁炸弹）。它可以产生强有力的能量脉冲, 从而摧毁敌军的电子设备, 让通信失灵, 甚至使车辆无法打火, 但旁边的人却不会受到伤害。防务研究人员还成功地测试了一种温压弹头（此前称为“真空炸弹”）, 用于对付可疑的化学和生物武器储备。这种弹头能产生强热, 致使释放到大气中的任何污染物都会在顷刻间失效。长期以来, 美军科学家一直在探索利用微波技术瓦解敌军作战能力的可能性。科索沃战争期间, 美国空军曾经利用一种相关技术摧毁了南斯拉夫的供电网络。正是由于势不可挡的火力和专业技术结合在一起, 所以五角大楼才有如此之多的官员深信, 美国将在巴格达之战中轻松取胜。

（B） Kilimanjaro Snow Cap May Melt Soon

The snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro, famed in literature and beloved by tourists, first formed some 11,000 years ago, but will be gone in two decades, according to researchers who say the ice fields on Africa’s highest mountain shrank by 80 percent in the past century.

Lonnie G. Thompson of Ohio State University said measurements using ice coverings and modern navigation satellites show that the oldest ice layers on the famed mountain were deposited during an extremely wet period starting about 11,700 years ago.

The mountain is enshrined in literature, most notably Ernest Hemingway’s "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" and some ancient beliefs in Africa hold the mountain to be a sacred place.

But a temperature rise in recent years is eroding the 150-foot-high blocks of ice that gave Kilimanjaro its distinctive white cap.

"The ice will be gone by about 2020," said Thompson. The diminishing ice already has reduced the amount of water in some Tanzanian rivers and the government fears that when Kilimanjaro is bald of snow the tourists will stop coming.

"Kilimanjaro is the number one foreign currency earner for the government of Tanzania," said Thompson. "It has its own international airport and some 20,000 tourists every year. The question is how many will come if there are no ice fields on the mountain."

Africa was not alone in the global drought. Thompson said other records show that civilizations during this period collapsed in India, the Middle East and South America.

Researchers put markers at the ice field blocks in 1962 and Thompson said measurements using satellites show the summit of the ice has been lowered by about 56 feet in 40 years. The margin of the ice also has retreated more than six feet in the past two years.

"That’s more than two meter’s worth of ice lost from a wall 164 feet （50 meters） high," said Thompson. "That’s an enormous amount of ice."

（二）海明威笔下美景不再 乞力马扎罗的雪即将消失

乞力马扎罗山上的雪形成于大约11000多年前，不论在文坛上，还是在旅游观光业中，它都始终保持着一种独特的魅力。然而，科学家却告诉我们，在过去的一个世纪中，这座非洲最高山峰的“雪帽”已经“缩水”了80%，再过二十年，乞力马扎罗山上的雪景就要消失了。

在文学史上，大名鼎鼎的海明威曾著有《乞力马扎罗的雪》一书，从而让人们对这片土地心存一份特殊的情结，再加上一些古老的非洲传说，更是令这座山显得神秘而令人向往。

汤普逊预言说：“所有的冰层将在2020年融化掉。”由于积雪大大减少，长久以来依靠这座山积雪溶化供给的坦桑尼亚境内，一些河流的水量已经开始减少。当地政府担心，当“雪帽”被摘掉，当地的旅游业就会遭遇灭顶之灾。

汤普逊还说：“乞力马扎罗的旅游资源是坦桑尼亚政府最主要的外汇来源。当地建有国际机场，每年约有2万游客慕名而至。如今的问题是，如果没有了山顶积雪，恐怕就没人会去了。”

在全世界，并不只有非洲遭受了这样的一种干旱枯竭。汤普逊说统计表明，同期的文明在印度、中东和南美洲地区都出现了衰退现象。

汤普逊说，1962年研究者在冰层上做了标志，现在发现，山顶的积雪厚度在40年中下降了56英尺。仅仅两年时间，冰层的边缘就“缩水”了至少6英尺。

他说：“这绝不是一面50米（164英尺）高的冰墙降低2米那么简单，这个数字意味着大量的冰雪已经消失了。”

（A）

The floor of the ocean contain many riches that can be used by man. Oil and chemicals and minerals are already taken from the sea. By using nuclear energy, ocean water can be turned into fresh water by removing the salt. In the near future, it is possible for human beings to produce food from farms under the sea. Food grown in the sea could help meet the needs of the fast-increasing population all over the world, thousands of which go hungry every day. About 10—15% of the world population don’t have enough food. Some scientists believe that someday the sea will be used to make electric power. This would help meet the need for more power for the world’s industries. The decreasing supply of coal, oil and gasoline shows the need to find new kinds of power is urgent.

A. forms under the sea

B. nuclear energy to turn ocean water fresh

C. salt water resource as fresh water

D. minerals, chemicals and oil taken from the sea

A. more than one tenth of the world’s people are starving

B. there are presently many farms under the sea and producing food

C. the supply of oil, gasoline and coal are increasing very rapidly throughout the world

D. it’s unnecessary for man to make full use of the riches of sea

A. needing fast decision and action

B. not needing fast decision and action

C. fast enough

D. not so important

B. nuclear energy has not been made full use of to meet the need for more power

C. the world’s population is growing larger every day

D. Scientists are anxious to turn the idea of making use of the sea into realities

（B）

Let us begin by saying what does not cause our dreams. Our dreams do not come form “another world”. They are not messages from some outside source. They are not a look into the future, either.

7. When the back of a man’s hand was rubbed with a piece of absorbent cotton in the experiment, he would dream that __________.

A. his hand was being stuck by someone

B. his hand was gently touched by his sweetheart

C. his hand was badly hurt by something

D. somebody was wiping sweat off his body

8. When a person feels hungry, he is likely to dream of __________.

A. wonderful fairies B. lovely young girls

C. fine food and drinks D. his family member

（C）

The sea is the biggest unknown part of our world. It covers seventy-one percent of the earth. There is still much to be discovered about this vast blanket of water.

（D）

1970 was World Conservation（生态保护） Year. The United Nations wanted everyone to know the world is in danger. They hoped what governments would act quickly in order to conserve nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland but now only 866 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and water, and everything that grows and lives. We can’t live without these things. If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves.

13. There are less plants, trees and flowers in Holland now because __________.

A. there has been a lot of conservation in Holland

B. Holland does not need so many plants, trees and flowers

C. many plants, trees and flowers have been destroyed

D. some plants, trees and flowers are dangerous

14. “ No one’s going to change our world” was __________.

A. an important book published in 1970

B. an idea that nobody would accept

C. a record calling all people to conserve nature

D. a rule worked out by the United Nations

15. What is the most important thing for us to do to save our world?

A. We should plant more trees and flowers.

B. We should clean the banks of our rivers.

C. We should know what will happen in the future.

D. We should know what we must do and begin to do it now.

16. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. 1970 was World Conservation Year.

B. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in danger.

C. Conservation is necessary.

D. It is the young people who are helping to save our world.

（E）

I decided to go to South Carolina to meet my former schoolmates there. “I could go by bus, but is there any other way?” I wondered. Suddenly an idea occurred to me.

On the school’s bulletin board（布告牌）, I put up a notice: “Need a ride to Columbia, South Carolina. Weekend. Will share gas. Call Yu at 3853427.”

Jim called. He was a student of history and was going to South Carolina to meet his girlfriend. We arranged where to meet and when to start. Then I prepared food and drinks enough for two persons.

It was a long way. Jim proved himself to be a good driver by driving his car fast and steady（稳）. The cars in front of us ended up lagging behind us one by one. From time to time I served him with food and drinks, and we enjoyed talking a lot.

Jim showed great interest in Chinese history. “It’s wonderful that you have such a long history.” he said, “Maybe one day I will visit China as a history researcher.” “Good idea! I will be your tour guide.” I encouraged his future plan.

We talked and laughed all the way to the very doorstep of my friend’s flat. “I’ll come to pick you up on Sunday morning at 10.” Saying this, he drove away.

Needless to say, it was a happy reunion for several of our old schoolmates to meet in a foreign country. We had photos taken, and made Jiaozi in a big flat. “For our getting together in the US, cheers!” We proposed（提议）to drink to this happy moment.

In South Carolina there were many Shanxi Chinese students, because South Carolina and Shanxi have a sistership connection, which was set up through the help of the former Chinese ambassador（大使） to the US, who was also from Shanxi. When those I met got to know that I had settled down in Shanxi’s countryside for eight years during the Cultural Revolution（文革）, they all talked to me like fellow villagers.

The good time passed quickly. It wasn’t long before Jim came to pick me up. All of my friends got out to see me off. We shook hands and promised to communicate with each other as often as possible. I waved good-bye to them as the car drove away.

17. From the passage we know that the writer may be a Chinese _____________.

A. tour guide B. traveler

C. student D. ambassador

18. The writer must have __________ the trip.

A. paid nothing at all for

B. suffered a great deal because of

C. spent a dozen of days on

D. paid for half of the gas during

19. The underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph suggests that _________.

A Jim drove at a high speed

B. the road was rather crowded

C. they didn’t start early

D. Jim’s car ran very slowly

20. We can conclude from the passage that __________.

A. Jim and the writer didn’t study at the same school

B. the writer didn’t return to the school in Jim’s car

C. Jim was not easy to get

D. the writer seemed not to be from Shanxi

（四）短文改错

Li Ming, who has been working as postman for 1 ____________________

我们得安排一个便利的时间和地点开会。

近点的超市很方便。

大多数老师认为教学就是一种挑战。

赞成这个建议的占大多数。

他们发现自己占少数。

他总是抱怨，没有令他满意的。

她已经够进大学的条件了。

工作完成了，他就有种满足感。

努力的结果是令人满意的。

考试及格了。

这顿饭解了我的饿。

以前，他们谈到过电影《蹉跎岁月》。

他们正在谈论电影《蹉跎岁月》。

他们在评论电影《蹉跎岁月》。

你认为我们的经理准备建一座新工厂吗？

我打算把这文章打印出来。

把你的鞋拿到店里修修。

最近，人们一直在谈论这件事。

最近你看什么书？

我已经写了一篇文章。（已写完）

几星期以来，我一直值夜班。

计算机可以识别人的声音，这种想法使许多人感到惊奇。

我们得记住山羊总是生活在山区这一事实。

我不知道他什么时候会回来。（同位语从句）

我不知道她何时会回来。

采纳新规则的建议是由主席提出的。（虚拟语气should be adopted）

问题是他如何干了此事的。

那笔钱不见了，并不意味着被偷了。

消息传来说，拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。（由于同位语从句太长，这避免句子头重脚轻把谓语提前。）

他从史密斯先生那儿获知，经理那天下午无法前来了。（from…介词短语修饰got，故放同位语从句前。from Mr. Smith也可放句首。）

（A）

（B）

（C）

1、国外佳作欣赏

Journey to the Moon

Whenever I look at the moon, I wish I could go there. Do you ever wish that you could take a trip to the moon?

For hundreds of years, men have wanted to travel to the moon. Whenever they looked at the moon, they asked questions. Is the moon hot or cold? Do people live there? Are there any plants or living things there? There were many arguments. Some people said that there were living plants on the moon. Others said nothing could live there because there is no water on the moon. These people could not agree.

When we look at the moon through telescopes, we can see lines and circles. People used to say that this was the moon’s face and that there was a man in the moon! You may have seen drawings like this in story books for young children. This is nonsense, of course. There is no man in the moon. The lines and circles are mountains, valleys, and deep holes. There are also plains where the ground is quite flat.

We know a great many facts about the moon now. Scientists have studied the moon through telescopes for many years and have discovered many facts. Recently rockets with men inside them have reached the moon.

What do we know about the moon? First of all, if we compare the moon with the earth, we find that the moon is much smaller. It is about one-quarter the size of the earth. It is travelling around the earth.

Days and nights on the moon are very long. One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth. One night is also as long as two weeks on the earth. In the day time the moon is very hot :120℃ . The nights are very cold : —156℃ . This is very cold indeed. A man on the moon would quickly freeze to death in the night-time. It would be too hot to live without special clothes. The moon is much hotter and much colder than the earth.

There is another surprising thing. On the moon things are not as heavy as they are on the earth. Something that weights one kilogram on the earth would weigh only 166 grams on the moon. Did you know that?

Perhaps one day in the future anyone will be able to take a trip to the moon just like going on a train or bus journey. What an adventure that would be !

…, 如果将月球和地球作比较，我们会发现月球小得多。

·比较

这类词有also, as, in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same way, alike, like, as if等。

例1：This is a first-class aircraft, and it is no doubt worth the money. In the same way it is difficult to persuade bankers to put up the money, ￡5 million, to buy it.

例2：Mr. Keneally may have written good “faction” and Mr. Capote, and Norman Mailer too, for that matter, may have written bad “faction”, but this does not alter the fact that it is not fiction.

·对比

表示对比的转折词语主要有in the meantime, oppositely, on the one/ other hand, or rather, yet, but, instead, and yet, however, even so, still, nevertheless, on the contrary, at the same time, by contrast, even though, in spite of.

3、高考演习

1） 在未来的医院里将越来越多地使用计算机。医生可以与计算机对话，解释病人的症状。接着计算机就会告诉怎么治，并且说出理由。

2） 计算机不仅能检查一个人的病历（health record），而且能够保存病情相同的许多病人的信息档案。

3） 所有的信息档案都将会在任何需要时由计算机随时打印出。

4） 目前已经研制出储存整个档案的计算机程序。

要求：1、短文必须包括所给要点；2、不要逐字翻译；3、词数：100左右。

Two hundred years before Christ, a man named Antipater（安特彼德） wrote a travel guide. He wanted to make sure travelers didn't miss some great attractions. He listed seven manmade "wonders" he felt were well worth seeing. Since he lived near Greece（希腊）, his wonders were mostly in that region.

The first was the Hanging Gardens of Babylon（巴比伦）. Here, King Nebuchadnezzar Ⅱ（尼布甲尼撒） had built huge terrace gardens of rare （珍奇）trees and flowers to please one of his wives. The next was a 100-foot-high bronze statue of the god Apollo（阿波罗）.It was called the Colossus of Rhodes（罗德斯巨人）. The third wonder of the world was the huge tomb of Mausolus（莫索里斯）. It was topped by a life-size stone chariot（战车）and horses. Next was a gigantic marble statue of Zeus（宙斯）, covered with ivory and gold. The temple to the goddess Diana（狄安娜） was the fifth wonder. The pyramids （金字塔）of Egypt, and the lighthouse at Alexandria （亚历山大港）were the last two.
　Today, of these seven wonderous achievements, only the pyramids are left. War, earthquakes and vandalism（人为破坏） have destroyed the rest.

（一）古代世界的七大奇迹

公元前200年，有一位名叫安特彼德的希腊人写了一本旅游指南，以使旅游者们不要错过一些有价值的旅游胜地。文中列出了他自认为值得一看的七大人造奇迹。由于他住在希腊附近，所以他所列的七大奇迹大部分分布在那一地区。

第一个奇迹理所当然是巴比伦的空中花园。在那儿，尼布甲尼撒二世修建了巨大的梯田式花园，花园里种满了奇花异草，以取悦他的一位妃子。第二个奇迹是一尊100英尺高的太阳神阿波罗的铜像，被称为罗德斯巨人。第三个奇迹是莫索里斯巨大的坟墓，坟墓的顶端有一个与实物一样大小的石刻马拉战车。第四个奇迹是巨大的宙斯大理石雕像，镶有象牙和黄金。第五个奇迹是女神狄安娜的神殿。最后两大奇迹分别是埃及的金字塔和在亚历山大港的灯塔。
现在，这七大奇迹中唯有埃及的金字塔幸存下来了。其他的六个奇迹都被战争、地震和人为的破坏给毁灭了。

（B） America: A Nation of Immigrants

A look at the history of the United States indicates that this country has often been called “a melting pot”, where various immigrant and ethnic groups have learned to work together to build a unique nation. Even those “original” Americans, the Indians, probably walked a land bridge from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago. So, who are the real Americans? The answer is that any and all of them are! And you, no matter where you come from, could also become an American should you want to. Then you would become another addition to America’s wonderfully rich “nation of immigrants”.
　The United States is currently shifting from being a nation of immigrants of mainly European descent to one of immigrants from other parts of the world, such as Asia and Latin America. The number of recent immigrants has skyrocketed. They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries as well as the desire to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America, “the land of opportunity”. Although there are frequent conflicts between the cultures they have brought with them from the “old country” and those found in America, most immigrants learn to adjust to and love their adopted land.
　Americans have also learned much from the customs and ideas of the immigrants and are often influenced by them in subtle and interesting ways. Immigrants bring their native cultural, political, and social patterns and attitudes, varied academic and religious backgrounds, as well as their ethnic arts, sports, holidays, festivals, and foods. They have greatly enriched American life.
　For immigrants from all parts of the would, the United States has been “a melting pot” in which the foreigners have sometimes remained culturally and linguistically what they were in their native lands even as they move toward becoming citizens of the United States, a country whose people share a common cultural outlook and set of values. The melting pot does not melt away all recollections of another way of life in another place----nor should it. On the contrary, immigrants should maintain the languages, skills, religions, customs and arts of their own heritage, even while they are working towards entering the mainstream of American culture.

（二）美国：移民之国

纵观美国历史，就可见这个国家经常被称为 “一个熔炉”，在此，各种移民和种族团体学会了共同建设一个独特的民族。甚至那些 “本土的”美国人--印第安人，也可能是几千年以前，从亚洲走过大陆桥来到北美洲的。所以，谁是真正的美国人？答案是他们中的任何一个人都是！无论你来自何处，如果你想成为美国人，就会成为美国人；你就会变成这个极其富有的 “移民之国”的一个新份子。 美国现在正由主要是欧洲血统移民的国家变为世界上其他各洲，如亚洲、拉丁美洲移民的国家。最近移民的数字急剧增长。 他们希望摆脱在本国的经济困难、政治压迫，并在美国这片 “充满机遇的土地上”寻找更好的教育和更富裕的生活。尽管他们从 “故国”带来的文化与美国文化之间往往会产生冲突,但是多数移民还是学会了适应并热爱他们所归化的土地。

A. are offered B. is offered

C. are got D. was offered

A. examining B. to exam

C. to be examined D. be examined

A. was just about going; while

B. went; when C. was going; then

D. was just about to go; when

A. result B. step C. reason D. possibility

A. possessions B. possession

C. wealths D. good

A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports

A. fit B. nice C. convenient D. suit

A. that B. which C. of which D. of that

A. by; satisfying B. with; satisfying

C. by; satisfied D. with; satisfied

A. a fairly ` B. fairly an

C. the fairly D. fairly the

A. wealth; transport B. wealths; transport

C. wealth; transports D. wealths; transports

A. is playing B. have playing

C. are playing D. play

A. by B. at C. to D. with

A. as long as B. while

C. if D. even though

A. as well B. as well as

C. so well D. so well as

（A）

（B）

A. are exploring on the surface of the ocean

B. are studying the dives made by the early explorers

C. are studying the ocean floor

D. are exploring below the surface of the ocean

A. father and son B. son and father C. brothers D. cousins

A. They tried to find ways to set up undersea research laboratories.

B. They explored the ocean depth and made plans for the use of its resources.

C. They learned how to keep men down in the stations below the surface of the water.

D. They learned how to make use of the new equipment in the undersea laboratories.

（C）

（D）

（E）

（四）短文改错

他要价太高了。

他被指控犯谋杀罪。

谁是这个班的班主任?

例如：The doctor doesn’t permit me to stay up late.

注：permit侧重表示得到权威的认可，正式条文或法规的“准许”，多用于正式的场合，语气强。其后接名/代词与不定式构成复合宾语，但不接从句。若permit的主语不是表示人的名词或代词，后面可以接动名词；如果是表示人的名/代词，则不能。

例如：His illness doesn’t permit his smoking / him to smoke.

昨天他通过电话跟他的朋友取得了联系。

报纸能使人与世界保持联系。

我们至今已有数年末与罗杰来往了。

如果你被允许一个人驾车的话，那是快乐的一天。

我们的孩子都长大了，而且都有了自己的孩子。

投资额急剧增长。

我们安排七点半在电影院见面，可他没来。

我敢肯定某一天你的手表会找到的。

我听不很清收音机的声音，麻烦调大一点？

农夫在犁田时候，犁出一块人头颅。

这裤子太长，需要改短。

由于对这个单词没把握，他就去查词典。

去看一看那顽皮的男孩正在干什么玩意儿。

我们下一步该做什么，你说了算。

这产品符合标准。

我们住在朋友家里，确切地说是朋友父母的家里。

他是我亲戚，更确切地说是我父亲的亲戚。

请稍等片刻。

请暂时停止一下讨论。

现在/那时我很忙。

第二个人把它看作为形状问题。

他待我很和气。

他尝试了各种治疗方法。

他把我的话当成玩笑。

（为了和平）他们决定与敌人谈判。

他走了六节车厢，这时他发现再也走不过去了。

他呆了几天才知道她已返回。

他们走了好几个小时才到达村庄。

例3：She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train. 她只走过几节车厢就发现自己已经来到车厢的前部。

v-ing形式在句中除了作主语、宾语和表语外，还可作谓语动词的宾语补足语。能用v-ing形式作宾补的谓语的词常见的有感觉动词hear, see, notice, watch, feel, find, catch, observe, smell, listen to, look at和使役动词have, get, set, send, leave, keep, start等。

我们把孩子们留在花园里玩耍。

这番话引起大家深思。

这一击把他打倒了。

我凭直觉感到要有麻烦了。

v-ing形式可用来说明句中谓语动词所处的状态，在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、比较或伴随等状语。除伴随状语相当于并列句外，其他状语相当状语从句的作用。有时，v-ing形式前可加上连词when，while，though，as if等。

听到了好消息后，他高兴得跳起来。

由于不知道做什么，她便向父亲求助。

我虽然努力学习英语，但是考试还是没及格。

她丈夫死了，给她留下和三个孩子。

他一直在说个不停，好象是自言自语。

她工作到深夜，在准备报告。

当穿过马路时，他被一辆飞驰而过的汽车撞倒了。

在街上散步的时候，我遇见了我的一位老朋友。

做完了工作后，我们休息了一会儿。

下面是关于玩文字游戏（Playing on words）的三段对话，请根据本单元所学内容，补全对话。

（A）

（B）

（C）

1、国外佳作欣赏

Men have always wanted to fly like birds. Birds can fly easily because they are light, but men’s bodies are heavier.

Men first went up into the air in balloons. These are big bags, and they are filled with gas. Hydrogen is a useful gas for balloons. It is lighter than air. Helium is also lighter than air, but it costs a lot of money. So balloons were （and are） usually filled with hydrogen.

Balloons have to fly with the wind as they have no engines to drive them against it. Later, men made airships. These were balloons with engines, but they were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because the hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it. Then the airship was completely burnt in a few seconds.

Aircraft with wings now take people across the world. Powerful engines drive these machines across the sky. Some of the engines are like the engines of cars, but they are more powerful.

There is another kind of engine which we call the jet engine. An English engineer invented the jet engine. In May 1942 his new engine was fixed in an aircraft, and the aircraft flew quite well. At the same time the Germans were also building a jet engine; but neither country told the other, of course.

Jet engines are very powerful. Usually two, three or four are enough for an aeroplane; but some big aircraft have six. Anyone in a moving jet plane can feel the power of the engines. Jet planes can travel faster than sound. （Sound travels at about 1100 feet a second. That is about 760 miles an hour.） As a flying jet plane leaves its noise behind it, we do not hear it until it has gone.

1）表让步的转折词：

表让步的转折词有after all, anyway, anyhow, all the same（=just the same）, that’s right, despite, in any case, very well.

（2） I’d stopped going to the Lord Nelson in the evenings, and taken to looking in at the back bar of the George—the Private Bar. A very nice crowd used to get in there. Anyway, the reason I mention it is because Len Weatherhead used to go there very often. He was really one of the big boys.

2）表结果的转折词：

这类词有：accordingly, at all events, as it turned out, for that reason, in any event, just as well, but for, consequently, somehow, thanks to, therefore, thus, so等。

2） Seeing that he had no chance of winning, he consequently pretended he wasn’t trying.

3、高考演习

2）原计划明天举行的运动会推迟，天气转晴后再另行通知。明天照常上星期三的课。

3）明天较冷，同学们要注意加衣服，骑车上学的同学骑车时不要打伞（keep an umbrella open）。

（A）The Two Different Ways of British Leisure Life

British people are always famous for their conservative nature. Nevertheless, they also have some interesting ways to enjoy themselves.

Club life started with coffee drinking which began around 1650.Limited to fifty, list of membership of this club includes prominent members of the Commons and the Lords and other distinguished people. However, one of the famous clubs is a non-political club and was given the name the other Club because its aims always to hear the other man’s point of view.

In contrast with club, there is the popular Pancake Day.It is on the first day of Lent, and usually occurs between February 2 and March 8. It is believed to remind that butter and eggs were forbidden during Lent and housewives were anxious to use up all they had left before the start of the frugal period.

（一）英国人的两种不同的休闲方式

英国人素来以保守闻名。不过，尽管这样，他们仍旧会以有趣的方式享受生活。

俱乐部的生活开始于1650年-----咖啡成为饮品的时候。由于俱乐部的成员要求控制为50人,所以成员都是上、下议员中的头头和一些达观显贵。不过，仍旧有一个最著名的非政治性的俱乐部叫“另类俱乐部”，因为她的宗旨是“倾听别人的呼声。”

和俱乐部相比较，明显不同的是人们非常熟悉的烤饼节。烤饼节在大斋节的第一天，通常在二月二和三月八日间。人们认为此节日是用来纪念斋戒日里禁止食用黄油和鸡蛋类的。过去，在斋戒日前,家庭主妇总是匆匆忙忙地把所有的黄油和鸡蛋都吃完。

（B） Historian Wants Napoleon DNA Test

For decades, the fate of Napoleon Bonaparte has been debated and studied. Now a French historian is locked in an uphill battle against the government over a DNA test he says could end the doubts.

Historian Bruno Roy-Henry believes British authorities may have removed Napoleon’s remains before his coffin was returned to France in 1840 - and that the body under the gilded dome of Les Invalides is that of another man.

But France’s Defense Ministry has refused, at least for now, to allow a DNA test, which Roy-Henry contends would put an end to all questions about the identity of the body in Napoleon’s Tomb.

"I have a feeling that the French authorities are very perturbed," Roy-Henry said.

Roy-Henry points to a series of anomalies surrounding Napoleon’s death on the South Atlantic island of St. Helena in 1821, and the transfer of his remains to Paris 19 years later.

The ministry also told Roy-Henry he must seek the agreement of Napoleon’s descendants, some of whom live in Italy and the emperor’s birthplace of Corsica, to provide a DNA sample before the case can proceed further.

But what would have been the British motive for removing the body? The circumstances surrounding Napoleon’s death are a subject of fierce debate.

While textbooks say Napoleon died of stomach cancer, claims that the British poisoned him with arsenic are rife. If that were the case, they would have tried to hide the crime, Roy-Henry argued.

He concedes that there is no proof for any of those theories. But a DNA test could at least settle the question about who lies in the tomb.

（二）拿破仑死因扑朔迷离 有待DNA测试大白真相

几十年来，拿破仑的死因一直是人们争论和研究的对象。如今，一位法国历史学家正力图冲破政府方面的阻力，通过DNA测试来揭开这一历史之谜。

历史学家布鲁诺·罗伊·亨利认为在1840年拿破仑的棺椁运抵法国之前，英国政府已经偷梁换柱，转移了他的遗体，而如今摆放在荣军院金色屋顶下的其实是另一个人的尸体。

尽管亨利称这项DNA测试能够确认拿破仑坟墓里那具尸体的身份，使得所有疑问得以真相大白，但是法国国防部却拒绝进行测试，至少在目前是这样的。

罗伊·亨利说道：“我有一种感觉，法国政府对此感到十分不安。”

亨利指的是当初围绕拿破仑之死的种种反常的事情：拿破仑1821年在南大西洋圣赫勒那岛上溘去，可是他的遗体19年之后才被运回巴黎。

国防部还告诉罗伊·亨利说，他必须求得一些居住在意大利和其出生地--科西嘉岛的拿破仑后裔们的同意，请求他们为进一步的测试提供DNA样本。

然而英国人转移拿破仑尸体的动机到底是什么呢？围绕拿破仑之死所涉及的这些情况仍是一个颇有争议的论题。

罗伊·亨利称，尽管教科书上说拿破仑是死于胃癌，但是除此之外还有另一种普遍的说法：拿破仑是被英国人用砒霜毒害的。如果后一种说法属实的话，英国政府就自然要想方设法掩盖罪行。

他承认目前还没有证据证明任何一种推测的真伪。但是如果进行DNA测试的话，至少可以查出躺在拿破仑坟墓里的人到底是谁。

A. in common B. by accident

C. in a hurry D. on average

A. pay B. use C. cost D. charge

A. satisfied; determined B. satisfied; determining

C. satisfied with; determined D. satisfied with; determining

A. before; decided B. as, were taken

C. before; booked D. when; ordered

A. turned up B. turned down

C. turned out D. turned

A. had seen B. was going to

C. was up to go D. was about to go

A. hoped B. to hope C. hoping D. had hoped

A. Nor do I B. Not especially

C. No problem D. I hope not

A. the meaning of whom B. of whose meaning

C. which the meaning D. the meaning of which

A. for; moving B. up to; moving

C. up for; to move D. upon; to move

A. lied; laid; lying B. lain; lay;; lain

C. lied; laid; lain D. lay; lied; laying

A. to die; to live B. dying; to live

C. die; live D. death; living

A. when B. which C. as D. that

A. How; that B. That; which

C. What; which D. When; that

A. was booked B. had been booked

C. were booked D. have been booked

（A）

The Man on the Waves

A. He saw a snake. B. He could not control himself to cry out.

C. The waves rose high above his head. D. Not mentioned.

A. The waves pounded onto the deck. B. The sounds of the flowing water.

C. Some people were talking. D. All of the above.

A. He was in a lake. B. He was in an Ocean.

C. He was in a sea. D. He was in a boat.

A. At night. B. At noon.

C. Late in the afternoon. D. Early in the afternoon.

（B）

C. clothes will be light and thin

D. there will be no cars

（C）

（D）

（E）

（四）短文改错