1、Our Tomorrow Starts Now! 1 | Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stockings T.E.D. 抗血栓压力带 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential Our Tomorrow Starts Now! 1 | Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential
2、2 | 2 | 静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)包括深静脉血栓(DVT)和肺栓塞(PE)。 Definition of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) 静脉血栓栓塞的定义 Pulmonary Embolism Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential3 | Covidien | | Confidential - -肺栓塞(肺栓塞(PEPE):): 美国每年因PE导致死亡的患者人数为100,000至200,000,其在美国引 起的死
3、亡率高于乳腺癌、交通事故和艾滋病累计死亡率6。 PE是美国第3位与住院相关的死亡原因,约占10%,与35%的全部住 院死亡有关12。 PE是最常能预防的住院死亡原因,是提高住院患者安全性的第一位 预防策略13。 21-33%PE患者发生猝死,通常见于PE发生30分钟内,25%肺栓塞患者 在7天内死亡8。 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential4 | 6969的患者在的患者在 DVTDVT后会发生后会发生 血栓后静脉功血栓后静脉功 能不全能不全 #
4、 Breddin, et al. (2004). The International Union of Angiology, and the Mediterranean League on Thromboembolism, Sept. 5 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential5 | 大约大约2525的静脉溃疡是由于的静脉溃疡是由于 DVTDVT导致导致 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Co
5、rporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential6 | 当没有任何预防当没有任何预防 措施时,措施时,DVT在在 某些专科中的发某些专科中的发 生率高于生率高于50 但是,仅有但是,仅有2525的的 DVTDVT患者会表现出症患者会表现出症 状状 OMeara et al. Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism in Total Hip Arthroplasty. ORTHOPEDICS. 深静脉血栓流行病学(外科各专业) Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyc
6、o Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential7 | 关节置换术后DVT发生率30.8邱贵兴等报道 髋关节置换术后DVT发生率20.6余楠生 膝关节置换术后DVT发生率58.2余楠生 关节置换术后DVT发生率47.1吕厚生 膝关节置换术后DVT发生率22PL Chin(Sin) Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential8 | Multiple Emboli Multiple Emboli .
7、removed from the Lung upon .removed from the Lung upon AutopsyAutopsy Fatal Pulmonary EmbolismFatal Pulmonary Embolism “ DVT往往首发往往首发 症状就是致死性症状就是致死性 的的PE” Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential9 | 所有致死性所有致死性PE病例在死亡前病例在死亡前 得到诊断的不足一半得到诊断的不足一半 1 约约
8、80% DVT病例无临床表现病例无临床表现 2,3 1. Goldhaber SZ, et al. American Journal of Medicine 1982;73:822-826. 2. Lethen H, et al. American Journal of Cardiology 1997;80:1066-1069. 3. Sandler DA, et al. J. Royal Soc. Med. 1989; 82:203-205. DVT 致死性致死性PE Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidi
9、en | May 12, 2021 | Confidential10 | 血栓一旦形成血栓一旦形成 往往造成严重后果往往造成严重后果 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential11 | 11 | 血流淤滞血流淤滞 血管壁损伤血管壁损伤凝血功能改变凝血功能改变 血液循环流速减慢。血流淤 滞同时发生在术中和术后的 卧床时间 发生在术侧肢体的操作过程中 会扭折血管,如全膝或全髋成 型术,静脉血液郁积也会造成静 脉扩张和内皮细胞损伤。 术后血液中促凝血酶原
10、激酶和纤维蛋白原水平 升高,组织损伤处表面 凝结被激活都导致了血 液的高凝状态。 为什么会形成为什么会形成 DVTDVT? Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential12 | 目前用于预防目前用于预防VTEVTE的机械性措施是什么?的机械性措施是什么? 梯度压力袜(GCS) 间歇充气压力装置(IPC) 足部血管脉冲刺激技术(FIT) 注:注:对于高危患者也可采用多种物理联合预防措施或物理和药物性联合预防措施。 Our Tomorrow Starts
11、Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential13 | Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential 13 | 加压弹力袜是为增强静脉血流而设计的最早的几种方 法之一。 最早的袜子上下压力是相同的,这样的压力只有减慢 静脉血流,不会加快血流。 梯度加压弹力袜 有几项研究显示,梯度压力增加了静 脉血流,对减少深静脉血栓有显著作用。 梯度加压弹力袜是一种安全简便、费用低廉的预防措 施,可以作为中到高危病人预防措施的补充。 Our Tomorrow Starts No
12、w! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential14 | 14 | 7 7位半卧位自愿者,位半卧位自愿者,5 5个带水压计的可充气套观察血流速度个带水压计的可充气套观察血流速度 确定理想的压力分布确定理想的压力分布1818,1414,8 8,1010,8mmHg8mmHg 相对与基线,平均股静脉血流速度增加相对与基线,平均股静脉血流速度增加138.4%138.4% Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | M
13、ay 12, 2021 | Confidential15 | T.E.D. Its not that simple. T.E.D. 不是那么的简单不是那么的简单 “尽管梯度压力弹力袜外表看上去很简单,但 是其中的设计却很复杂,对于技术细节的关 注可以得到有效的预防方法。” J.Caprini MD. Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential16 | T.E.D. Product Styles T.E.D.产品类型产品类型 Knee- length
14、膝长型膝长型 Thigh-length with belt 连腰大腿长型连腰大腿长型 Thigh-length 大腿长型大腿长型 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential17 | The method of construction is critical to a stockings performance构造的方法对抗血栓压力带的表现至关重要构造的方法对抗血栓压力带的表现至关重要 T.E.D. Antiembolism Stocking T.E
15、.D. 抗血栓压力带抗血栓压力带 Other Antiembolism Stocking 其它抗血栓压力带其它抗血栓压力带 wInlay circumferential knit 圆周镶嵌编织法 whorizontal stretch keeps stocking in place 单向水平伸展确保抗血栓 压力带的固定 wCircumferential knit delivers one-way stretch to ensure correct positioning of pressure profile 圆周编织提供单向伸展确保 压力分布正确定位 wVertical stretch ca
16、uses nylon stockings to creep down 垂直伸展使尼龙袜滑落 Using the Kendall TED stockings which apply the correct pressure profile, Holford (B.M.J. 1976,2 969-970) showed that TED stockings reduced the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in surgical patients from 49% to 23% and concluded”improper design, construc
17、tion or fit can be dangerous.” wVertical stretch causes nylon stockings to creep down 垂直伸展使尼龙袜滑落 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential18 | The ideal compression profile of Anti-Embolism stockings抗血栓压力带的理想压力分布抗血栓压力带的理想压力分布 18 mm Hg at the ankle
18、 踝部踝部 14 mm Hg at the calf 小腿小腿 8 mm Hg at the knee 膝盖膝盖 10 mm Hg above the knee 大腿下段大腿下段 8 mm Hg at the thigh 大腿上段大腿上段 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential19 | Measurement of thigh-length T.E.D. T.E.D.大腿长测量大腿长测量 Measure thigh girth - If circ
19、umference is under 81cm, use 测量大腿根围长-如果45CM 特大号连腰, (膝长) 3995 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential21 | 规格选取-预防型膝长袜子 (脚后跟到膝盖后弯处长度为40CM-50CM,长度尺寸不在 此范围,请选择短型或加长型) 小腿肚围长规格货号 30CM小号70717071 30CM-38CM中号82518251 38CM-45CM大号82268226 45CM特大号76047604 O
20、ur Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential22 | Application of T.E.D. Stockings 使用使用T.E.D. T.E.D. 抗血栓压力带抗血栓压力带 Insert hand into the stocking as far as the heel pocket. 将手伸进袜子直到脚后跟处。 Grasp centre of heel pocket and turn stocking inside out to heel are
21、a. 抓住袜子后跟中间,将袜子由内向外翻 出 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential23 | Application of T.E.D. Stockings 使用使用T.E.D. T.E.D. 抗血栓压力带抗血栓压力带 Carefully position stocking over foot and heel. Be sure patients heel is centered in heel pocket. Begin pulling bod
22、y of stocking up around the ankle and calf. The stitch change (change in fabric sheerness) should fall between 2,5 to 5 cm below the popliteal fossa (bend of the knee). Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential24 | Application of T.E.D. Stockings
23、使用使用T.E.D. T.E.D. 抗血栓压力带抗血栓压力带 Start rotating stocking inward at the point where stocking pressure eases around the popliteal area, so that the gusset is positioned over the femoral artery, towards the inner side of the thigh. 开始向腿弯处卷动,确保三角缓冲绷带位于股动 脉上,并位于大腿内侧 Top band rests in the gluteal furrow. Sm
24、ooth out any excess material keeping stitch change and gusset in place. 防滑带应位于臀沟。使之平滑,确保织法变化地 方和三角缓冲绷带正确就位 Pull toe section forward to smooth ankle and instep and allow for patient toe comfort. 拉直脚尖部位使脚踝和脚背部位平整,确保病人 脚尖舒适 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021
25、 | Confidential25 | Take care! 注意!注意! Ensure proper fitting of T.E.D. for maximum effectiveness 确保正确的T.E.D.尺寸选择,以保证最大效果 T.E.D. Stockings may not be rolled down. T.E.D.抗血栓压力带不能下卷 The gusset (PRP) should be positioned Towards the inner side of the thigh. 三角缓冲绷带应位于大腿内侧 Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confiden
26、tial, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential26 | Application 使用使用 All day long 全天使用全天使用 It is recommended that stockings should not be left off for more than 30 minutes 建议停止使用压力带不超过30分钟 q During immobilisation 制动期间 q Pre-, intra- and post-operative 术前,术中和术后 q 24 hours (day and night) 24小时(白天和夜间) Our Tomorrow Starts Now! Confidential, Tyco Corporation Covidien | May 12, 2021 | Confidential27 | Care of Stockings 压力带的维护压力带的维护 Properly sized stockings need to be removed daily during bathing to inspect the condition of the skin. 每天洗澡时,脱去压力