Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Surgery

前交叉韧带（ACL）手术

The anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is one of the four main ligaments connecting the femur to the tibia. The ACL provides stability as you move your knee.  A torn ACL may occur if your a knee joint over-rotates, or if you receive a direct blow to the front of your knee. 

前交叉韧带（ACL）是连接股骨和胫骨的四条主要韧带之一。膝关节活动时，ACL维持其稳定。如果膝关节过度旋转，或者膝关节前部遭受直接暴力打击，则造成ACL撕裂。

If your ACL tears through completely, your doctor may recommend surgery to repair it. 

如果ACL完全撕裂，医生可能推荐手术修复。

Before your procedure, you will receive either spinal anesthesia, which will numb your body from the chest down, or general anesthesia, which will put you to sleep for the duration of the procedure. 

术前，医生或对患者进行脊髓麻醉，使其胸部以下麻木，或进行全身麻醉，使其在手术期间入睡。

During this arthroscopic procedure, your surgeon will make a few incisions around your knee, through which he or she will insert surgical instruments including a camera. The camera will transmit images to a TV monitor, which the surgeon will view during the procedure. 

关节镜手术期间，医生将在患者膝关节周围做多个切口，插入带有摄像头的手术器械。摄像头将图像传输到TV监视器，这样，医生可在术中进行观察操作。

First, your surgeon will remove the remaining portions of your torn ACL from your knee. 

首先，医生将切除膝关节撕裂 ACL 的残留部分。

Then, your surgeon will remove part of your patellar tendon to use as the graft, or obtain donor tissue. Your surgeon will create attachment points for the graft by drilling a small tunnel in the end of your tibia, then another at the end of your femur. Your surgeon will place one end of the patellar tendon graft in the tibial tunnel. 

然后，切取部分膑腱，作为移植物，或者获取供体组织。医生将在胫骨近端钻取通道，创建移植物附着点，然后在股骨远端创建另一个通道，将膑腱一端移植在胫骨通道。

Then, he or she will pull the graft up through the knee joint and into the femoral tunnel to create a new ACL tendon. 

然后，他/她将向上拉动移植物，通过膝关节，拉入股骨通道，创建新的ACL肌腱。

Finally, your surgeon will place small screws in the tunnels at either end of the new ACL to hold it in place. Over the next six to eight weeks, bone growth will fill in these tunnels, further stabilizing the graft. 

最后，医生将小螺钉插入通道，固定新ACL两端。在接下来的6~8周，骨生长将填满通道，进一步稳定移植物。

At the end of the procedure, your doctor will remove the instruments and close the incisions. This procedure typically lasts two to two and 1/2 hours. 

手术最后，医生将取出手术器械，闭合切口。手术通常持续2~2.5小时。

After the procedure, you will go to the recovery room for two to three hours, and then go home. You will likely need a knee brace and crutches for one to four weeks. Supervised physical therapy should begin two or three days after surgery, and continue for 6 to 10 weeks. 

术后，将患者移至复苏室监护2~3小时，然后即可出院。1~4周内，患者往往需要使用膝关节护具和拐杖。术后2~3天，可开始指导患者理疗，持续6~10周。

After this time, continue with self-directed therapy as long as needed. It takes about nine months for a reconstructed ACL to fully heal. You should avoid contact sports, racquet sports and other sports that require rapid direction changes until you obtain approval from your physician.

此后，如有需要，可继续自主治疗。重建的ACL完全愈合需要9个月。术后，在获得医生许可前，应避免接触性体育活动、球拍运动，以及其他需要快速改变方向的运动。