［1］中华医学会外科学分会,中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识暨路径管理指南(2018)［J］. 中华麻醉学杂志，2018，38: 8-33.

［2］Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. Going from evidence to recommendations［J］. BMJ, 2008, 336: 1049-1051.

［3］Sun Y, Wang Y, Mao Y, et al. The safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: an updated meta-analysis［J］. Biomed Res Int, 2020, 2020:7401276.

［4］Inoue Y, Katoh T, Masuda S, et al. Perioperative complications of abdominal surgery in smokers［J］. J Anesth, 2020,34:712-718.

［5］Kaka AS, Zhao S, Ozer E, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes following head and neck surgery among patients who contract to abstain from alcohol vs patients who abuse alcohol［J］. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2017, 143:1181-1186.

［6］Roshanov PS, Walsh M, Devereaux PJ, et al. External validation of the revised cardiac risk index and update of its renal variable to predict 30-day risk of major cardiac complications after non-cardiac surgery: rationale and plan for analyses of the VISION study［J］. BMJ Open, 2017, 7:e013510.

［7］Cappellini MD, Musallam KM, Taher AT. Iron deficiency anemia revisited［J］. J Intern Med, 2020, 287:153-170. 

［8］Aglio LS, Abd-El-Barr MM, Orhurhu V, et al. Preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief in thoracolumbosacral spine operations: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial［J］. J Neurosurg Spine, 2018,29:647-653.

［9］Hall DE, Arya S, Schmid KK, et al. Association of a frailty screening initiative with postoperative survival at 30, 180, and 365 days［J］. JAMA Surg, 2017,152:233-240.

［10］ Ripollés-Melchor J, Carli F, Coca-Martínez M, et al. Committed to be fit. The value of preoperative care in the perioperative medicine era［J］. Minerva Anestesiol, 2018,84:615-625.

［11］American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society［J］. J Am Coll Surg, 2015,220:136.e1-148.e1.

［12］de la Motte L, Kehlet H, Vogt K, et al. Preoperative methylprednisolone enhances recovery after endovascular aortic repair: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial［J］. Ann Surg, 2014,260:540-548.

［13］Levett D, Grimmett C. Psychological factors, prehabilitation and surgical outcomes: evidence and future directions［J］. Anaesthesia, 2019,74:36-42.

［14］Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, et al. ESPEN guideline: clinical nutrition in surgery［J］. Clin Nutr, 2017, 36:623-650.

［15］ Key NS, Khorana AA,  Kuderer NK, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update［J］. J Clin Oncol, 2020, 38:486-520.

［16］Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice［J］. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2016, 60:289-334.

［17］ Chan MY, Foo CC, Poon JT, et al. Laparoscopic colorectal resections with and without routine mechanical bowel preparation: a comparative study［J］. Ann Med Surg (Lond),2016, 9:72-76.

［18］《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》修订工作组. 抗菌药物临床应用指导原则［EB/OL］.（2015） ［2021-07-01］. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/20150928170007470.pdf.

［19］Wade RG, Burr NE, Mccauley G, et al. The comparative efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone-iodine antiseptics for the prevention of infection in clean surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis［J］. Ann Surg, 2020. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076.

［20］Li Y, Wang B, Zhang LL, et al. Dexmedetomidine comb-ined with general anesthesia provides similar intraoperative stress response reduction when compared with a combined general and epidural anesthetic technique［J］. Anesth Analg, 2016,122:1202-1210.

 ［21］Yang S, Xiao W, Wang S, et al. Parecoxib shortens the duration of acute postoperative pain after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy［J］. Front Pharmacol, 2019, 10:689.

［22］Stephensen BD, Reid F, Shaikh S, et al. C-reactive protein trajectory to predict colorectal anastomotic leak: PREDICT Study［J］. Br J Surg, 2020, 107:1832-1837.

［23］中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉学组, 国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心, 国家老年麻醉联盟. 中国老年患者围手术期麻醉管理指导意见（2020版）（二）［J］. 中华医学杂志, 2020,100: 2565-2578.

［24］中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉学组，国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心，中华医学会精神病学分会，等. 中国老年患者围术期脑健康多学科专家共识（二）［J］. 中华医学杂志, 2019, 99: 2252-2269.

［25］Feng S, Yang S, Xiao W, et al. Effects of perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy combined with the application of alpha-1 adrenergic agonists on postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. BMC Anesthesiology, 2018, 18:113.

 ［26］Sun Z, Honar H, Sessler DI, et al. Intraoperative core temperature patterns, transfusion requirement, and hospital duration in patients warmed with forced air［J］. Anesthesiology, 2015,122:276-285.

［27］Kang ZQ, Huo JL, Zhai XJ. Effects of perioperative tight glycemic control on postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis［J］. Endocr Connect, 2018, 7:R316-R327.

［28］Weindelmayer J, Mengardo V, Veltri A, et al. Should we still use prophylactic drain in gastrectomy for cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46: 1396-1403.

［29］Navarro LH, Bloomstone JA, Auler JO Jr, et al. Perioperative fluid therapy: a statement from the international Fluid Optimization Group［J］. Perioper Med (Lond), 2015, 4:3.

［30］Joosten A, Delaporte A, Mortier J, et al. Long-term impact of crystalloid versus colloid solutions on renal function and disability-free survival after major abdominal surgery［J］. Anesthesiology, 2019, 130:227-236.

［31］Joosten A, Delaporte A, Ickx B, et al. Crystalloid versus colloid for intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy using a closed-loop sysm: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial in major abdominal surgery［J］. Anesthesiology, 2018, 128:55-66.

［32］Lovich-Sapola J, Smith CE, Brandt CP. Postoperative pain control［J］. Surg Clin N Am, 2015, 95:301-318.

［33］Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, et al. Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting［J］. Anesth Analg, 2020, 131: 411-448.

 ［34］Yang R, Tao W, Chen YY. et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs versus traditional perioperative care in laparoscopic hepatectomy: a meta-analysis［J］. Int J Surg, 2016, 36:274-282.

［35］Munoz M, Acheson AG, Bisbe E, et al. An international consensus statement on the management of postoperative anaemia after major surgical procedures［J］. Anaesthesia, 2018,73:1418-1431.

［36］Nelson G, Bakkum-Gamez J, Kalogera E, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update［J］. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2019, 29:651-668.