患者男性,38岁,临床诊断扩张型心肌病。入院常规心电图检查。
心电图特征:
左房扩大导致除极时间和电压增加,表现为P波时限延长≧120ms,P波双峰切迹,峰距≧40ms,而振幅仅略有增加【1】,P波时限/PR段>1.6,这个比率称为Macruz指数【2】。窦性P波的初始部分代表右房除极,向量指向前下方,终末部分表示左房除极,向量指向后、左和下。投影在右胸导联(尤其是V1导联)产生双相P波,左房大时,负向部分增大。Morris及其同事于1964年对该特征进行了量化,提出P波终末电势(Ptfv1)=V1导联P波负向部分持续时间(s)和深度(mm)的乘积,≦-0.04mm·s时,提示左房大,Ptfv1又被称为Morris指数【3】。Josephson等人认为左房异常的标准实际上是由心房传导延迟引起的,而这些传导延迟又是由其他左心房异常(如扩张、左房压力增高、肥大、纤维化、缺血或其组合)演变而来的【4】
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