重庆医科大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生

英语试题（样题）

考试时间：3小时

 

Part
I    
Vocabulary (10 points)

Section A (5 points)

Directions: In each item, chose one word that best keeps
the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined
word. Mark out your choice on the answer sheet with a single line
through the center.

1.        
The public usually regards the theory of public opinion as
controversial.

a.    
practical
             
b.   
disputable             
c.   
reasonable            
d.   
soluble

2.        
The serious illness deprived him of his sight and the use of
his leg.

a.    
robbed          
b.   
excluded               
c.   
disabled                
d.   
gripped

3.        
If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mocking bird
initiates a set of actions to protect its off-spring.

a.    
hastens          
b.   
triggers                
c.   
devises                 
d.   
releases

4.        
The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the child’s
love for his mother.

a.    
a
demonstration                                 
b.    a
combination

c.    a
satisfaction                                     
d.    an
infestation

5.        
Handling preschoolers’ fears is often of understanding their
fantasies.

a.    
behavior        
b.   
habit                           
c.   
hobby                  
d.   
imagination

6.        
The devastating earthquake last month caused hundreds of
people homeless.

a.    
unguarded     
b.   
overwhelming       
c.   
destructive            
d.    evil

7.        
On hearing of the case some time later, Conan Doyle was convinced
that the man was not guilty, and immediately went to work to
ascertain the truth.

a.    
explore          
b.   
obtain                   
c.   
verify                   
d.    search

8.        
Fear of pirate raids caused the Spaniards to fortify their
coastline.

a.    
arms                    
b.   
invasions              
c.   
ships                    
d.   
cruelty

9.        
The poor woman did not sleep all night and was completely worn
out.

a.    
consumed      
b.   
exhausted                    
c.   
ground                 
d.   
smashed

10.    
Mountain life produces a strong, tough breed of men.

a.    
generation      
b.   
genius                  
c.   
type                     
d.    gang

 

Section B (5 points)

Directions:    
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most
suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.
Mark out your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through
the center.

11.    
A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in
terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily ________.

a.    
diminished     
b.   
alleviated              
c.   
replaced               
d.   
abolished

12.    
In principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder
should not be liable to criminal ________.

a.    
identification  
b.   
punishment           
c.   
investigation          
d.   
commitment

13.    
Cut off by the storm, they were forced to ________ food for several
days.

a.    
go in
for        
b.    go
over                
c.    go
without            
d.    go out

14.    
Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has
no nutritional use for ________ vitamins.

a.    
exceptional    
b.   
exceeding             
c.   
excess                  
d.   
external

15.    
For some rare cases, the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the
patient’s ________ only but also on the results of tests.

a.    
complaints     
b.   
reports                 
c.   
statements            
d.   
symptoms

16.    
The Army and Navy of that country were reformed in ________ with
western models after the Second World War.

a.    
consequence  
b.   
agreement             
c.   
accordance           
d.   
contact

17.    
Please come and help me with this form because I don’t know how to
________ it.

a.    
set
about       
b.    set
aside               
c.    set
off                  
d.    set up

18.    
The salesman’s ________ annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave
in.

a.    
endurance      
b.   
assistance                    
c.   
resistance                    
d.   
persistence

19.    
Does brain power ________ as we get older? Scientists now have some
surprising answers.

a.    
collapse         
b.   
descend                
c.   
deduce                 
d.   
decline

20.    
All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet
drugs is carefully ________ the risks and benefits.

a.    
weighing       
b.   
valuing                 
c.   
evaluating             
d.   
distinguishing

 

Part II   
Reading Comprehension(40 points)

Passage 1

Hopes for victory over the disease of yellow fever were raised
still further when one of a team of Rockefeller doctors, studying
yellow fever in Ghana, scored a major victory in the summer of
1927. Visiting a village where there was an outbreak, the doctor
took blood from a goodlooking young African, Asibi by name, who had
a mild touch of fever. The doctor now injected some of his blood
into four animals including one monkey that had just arrived from
India. Only the monkey went down with yellow fever. For the first
time the virus of the disease had been passed into an animal other
than man. Having animals that could be given the disease opened the
way to new lines of experiments.

The Asibi virus was kept going from monkey to monkey. In this
way they gradually developed a virus whose power to make people ill
had been greatly lowered. But still it had enough strength to
develop resistance in human beings. So from the blood of a West
African a vaccine was finally developed that now protects millions
of people from yellow fever.

Such, then, was the point reached in 1932. Yellow fever appeared
to be on the way out, at least in the Americas. Then there occurred
an outbreak in a country district in Brazil. This was strange,
since yellow fever had always been believed to be a disease of the
city, one that people caught by being bitten in their own homes by
the city type of mosquitoes, bred within a hundred yards of their
houses. Something much more surprising, however, was in store for
the members of the Brazilian Yellow Fever Service, when they
reached the area. There was yellow fever in the district, without
doubt. The Service found it was present by all the standard tests.
But there were no city-type mosquitoes, not one.

One morning a doctor went into the jungle with some woodcutters.
He wanted to collect mosquitoes, but they weren’t biting. The
doctor was just ready to leave, when one of the men shouted that a
tree was about to fall. He stood back and watched the great mass
come down. Sunlight streamed through the hole made in the roof of
the jungle and from the upper branches of the fallen tree rose a
cloud of blue mosquitoes which circled around the men.

So it was learned that these blue mosquitoes, relatively rare on
the floor of the jungle, exist in great numbers in the treetops.
There too, the monkeys live. This discovery completed a chain of
facts about the way jungle yellow fever is caught and spread. It is
mainly a disease of monkeys in the jungle treetops. They are
infected by the bites of several kinds of mosquitoes. Blue
mosquitoes being one of the most common attackers. The pattern is
carried on from monkey to mosquito and back to monkey. But men
going into the jungle may also get the disease, particularly if
their work disturbs the roof of the jungle. If the man bitten by an
infected mosquito then returns to a city where there are mosquitoes
of the city type, he may start again the pattern of man to mosquito
to man.

21.    
A further advance in the fight against yellow fever was made when
it was discovered that the disease could be passed from
________.

a.    
man to
mosquito                               
b.    animal to
man

c.    animal
to
mosquito                            
d.    man to
animal

22.    
Jungle yellow fever can only exist where there are ________.

a.    
any type of
mosquitoes                      
b.    blue
mosquitoes

c.   
monkeys                                          
d.    animals
and mosquitoes

23.    
The doctors in this in this story were interested in discovering
________.

a.        
the pattern of the disease

b.        
the signs of yellow fever

c.        
the kind of people who get the disease

d.        
how monkeys stay healthy

24.    
An interesting finding in this story is that ________.

a.        
only one type of mosquitoes carries yellow fever

b.        
at least two types of mosquitoes carry yellow fever

c.        
any mosquitoes can carry the disease

d.        
monkeys are necessary in keeping yellow fever going

 

Passage 2

A Leap in Thought

You’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were
tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When
you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you,
as a gift from the gods.

Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting
thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones.
They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How
they do it is a mystery. Psychology does not yet understand even
the ordinary processes of conscious thought, but the emergence of
new ideas by a “leap in thought” is particularly intriguing,
because they must have come from somewhere. For the moment let us
assume that they come from the “unconscious”. This is reasonable,
for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes
which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists
precisely in what was unknown becoming know.

It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree
on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly
intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals
become.

But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative
process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from
which growth can proceed. This initial step in all creation
consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate
elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from what was
formless. The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so as to
form a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived
from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly
unified experience.

This process of the establishment of new from must occur in
pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold
of consciousness, which interact and combine to from more
comprehensive patterns. Experimental physiology has not yet
identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently
refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total
bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even
when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of the
thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a
single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns
of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines
can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these
formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.

Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of
genius? Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person?
Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the
imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gifts.

25.    
The description in the first paragraph may imply that ________.

a.        
inspiration may come from the gods

b.        
in finding an answer to a problem, inspiration may come only after
you have thought hard about it

c.        
inspiration may come only when you have forgotten the problem

d.        
whenever you thought about the answer to a problem, you would get a
flash of inspiration

26.    
The pronoun “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ________.

a.    
“many
people”                                  
b.    the most
important people

c.    “many
ideas”                                    
d.   
Psychologists

27.    
In the sentence “This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this
term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the
subject”. Here “subject” refers to ________.

a.        
a school course

b.        
a topic of a speech

c.        
a person being treated in a certain way or being experimented
on

d.        
a citizen

28.    
The writer might want to tell his readers that ________.

a.        
successful persons depend on their inspirations

b.        
we ordinary people had better not blindly count on any practical
conclusion from experience of genius, but find our own way to use
our own gifts

c.        
there is no genius at all

d.        
none of the above

 

Passage 3

Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what
happens when all sensations are stopped. This can be done in
several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely
isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely
dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just
to lie motionless on a bed. People have stayed in rooms such as
this for as long as four days. The results of sensory deprivation
(SD) vary with the individual.

Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to
sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four
hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by which the
subjects could determine the time which had elapsed. We know for
certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that
he had had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring
microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of
sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept all of the
first twenty-four hours.

We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the
effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early
in the morning. We reasoned that after a night’s sleep our confined
subject would be unable to dissipate (驱散) the effects of SD by
sleeping. Such was not the case. As far as we could determine they
went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the
previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at
midmorning, midday, and mid-afternoon. As it turned out, it made no
difference when during the day and, presumably, during the night we
started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about
the same.

We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In
fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite.
SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we
reasoned, it should have occupied them for some time. I had a
similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was
greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin
had been able to sleep during his space flight around the
earth.

Other effects were also noted. With no real sensations to work
on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. Many people
experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). When they are
finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light
and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to
believe anything and not really able to make decisions.

29.    
This passage is mainly about ________.

a.        
how to have a sound sleep

b.        
what causes loss of sensations

c.        
what will happen if sensations were lost

d.        
how to lose sensations

30.    
What does “subjects” Para 3, Line2) mean in this passage?

a.        
Any member of a state except the supreme ruler.

b.        
Something to be talked or written about or studied.

c.        
Person, animal or thing to be treated or dealt with.

d.        
Theme on which a composition is based.

31.    
We can probably infer from the passage that ________.

a.        
most astronauts are unable to fall asleep in space

b.        
a period of sensory deprivation would make a person hard to
control

c.        
many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation
cell

d.        
microphones are used to control the breathing of subjects

32.    
All of the following are the results of sensory deprivation except
that ________.

a.        
most subjects fell asleep and slept for a long time

b.        
some subjects didn’t know how many hours they spent sleeping

c.        
it took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory
cell

d.        
many subjects became credulous right after sensory deprivation

 

Passage 4

I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all
the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was
impressive to see the great variety of services which were
available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian
countryside.

Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude
that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either
selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to
visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression.
Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but
its vigor is still remarkable.

Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in
spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town.
Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while
doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. And
the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a
substantial cash value.

His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he
will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of
bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a
piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word
of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more
affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are
on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a
fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a
red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them.

The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I
also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the
few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the
world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry
or commerce.

33.    
The services available in village nowadays are normally
________.

a.        
fewer but still very active

b.        
less successful than earlier but managing to survive

c.        
active in providing food for the village, and tourist goods

d.        
surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them

34.    
The local grocer’s shop is expanding ________.

a.        
because women spend a lot of their tie there just gossiping

b.        
even though town shops are larger and rather cheaper

c.        
in spite of the fact that people like to shop where they are less
well-known

d.        
for people get frozen food as well as antiques

35.    
How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about giving extra
service?

a.        
They tend to forget it

b.        
They will not consider it

c.        
It does not seem worth their while

d.        
They take it for granted

36.    
Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is
that ________.

a.        
there is a very wide range of goods available

b.        
rare goods are obtained whenever they are needed

c.        
special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customers

d.        
goods are always restocked before they run out

 

Passage 5

Until about 200 years ago. Change was so slow that people
presumed that the lives of their children and grandchildren would
not be very much different from their own.

And then came the 20th century, when people went from flying in
their first airplane at Kity Hawk to planting their first footsteps
on the moon – all in the blink of a lifetime. One group of
scientists haws said that the rate of change in our contemporary
world is running a million times faster than the rate of humans’
ability to adjust to the new situations.

Here is how some futurists say Americans may live in the opening
years of the next millennium.

The World Future Society, a nonprofit organization in Maryland,
predicts that supermarkets may become hydroponics greenhouses where
shoppers pick their own produce from the vine. And for those who
would not care for such a hands – on experience, groceries could be
electronically ordered and automatically delivered into
refrigerators that open outside and inside the house.

Marvin J. Cetron, founder and president of Forecasting
International Ltd., a consulting company in Arlington, Virginia,
said he believes that by 2006, people will have personal diagnostic
and meal preparation machines. If you eat too much, the diagnostic
machine will tell you to exercise.

Many experts anticipate advances in biotechnology that could
lead to cows that produce low-fat milk, disease-resistant potatoes
grown by crossing them with a chicken gene and pork made leaner by
introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic pool.

But if, as expected, the world’s human population doubles in the
next 40 years, the pressure to produce food to feed everyone is
gong to be immense, said Lester R. Brown, head of the Worldwatch
Institute, in Washington, He notes in his book, “Vital Signs 1995”
that “the pace of history is accelerating as soaring human demands
collide with the Earth’s natural limits.”

How about medicine? For many people, particularly aging baby
boomers, a big question will be, how can you add years to your
life? Many futurists say that will be possible, at least for those
who can afford it.

By 2020, the complete DNA structure will be mapped. Mr. Cetron
said: “Doctors will know a person’s genetic characteristics right
from birth, even before birth.”

That could guide doctors to tailor life styles and treatments to
help patients avoid disorders they are prone to develop. Coupled
with genetic medicine, he said, a child born in 2010 could expect
to live 120 years.

But Mr. Brown of the Worldwatch Institute cautioned that public
health and medicine are likely to be challenged by another global
trend: the rise in infectious diseases and their increased immunity
to antibiotics.

Many futurists expect little change in how Americans live in
houses in the next few years. “Home behavior changes pretty
slowly,” Mr. Millett said. But from 2010 to 2020, he predicts
“fundamental change.”

37.    
Which of the following world trends is mentioned in the
passage?

a.        
Futurism is being taken more seriously by more people

b.        
Doctors wish to engineer a dramatically different kind of life.

c.        
Diseases capable of being spread will be on the rise.

d.        
Old people will be unwilling to live in nursing houses.

38.    
According to the author, which of the following is NOT true?

a.        
It took a life time from people’s first flight in the airplane to
landing on the moon.

b.        
Changes in the 20th century have come all too soon.

c.        
People are ready to adapt themselves to new conditions.

d.        
People are slow to keep pace with changes in our present world.

39.    
The world Future Society predicts that people will get their
vegetables and fruit from where plants are grown ________

a.    
manually        
b.   
automatically         
c.    in good
soil           
d.    in
water

40.    
Which of the following may still be a problem in medicine at the
end of the next century?

a.        
The adaptation of life styles to avoid disorder.

b.        
The mapping of the complete DNA structure.

c.        
The increase of life span beyond 120

d.        
The identification of man’s genetic characteristics.

 

Part III  Close (10 points)

When the earth was born there was no ocean. The ________(41)
cooling earth was ________(42) in heavy ________(43) of cloud,
which contained much of the water of the new planet. For a long
time its surface was ________(44) hot that no moisture could fall
________(45) immediately being reconverted ________(46) steam. This
dense, perpetually renewed cloud covering must have been so thick
that ________(47) rays of sunlight could penetrate it. And so the
________(48) outlines of the continents and the empty ocean basins
were sculptured out of the surface of the earth in ________(49), in
s Stygian (冥界的) world of heated rock and swirling clouds and
gloom.

As soon as the earth’s ________(50) cooled enough, the
________(51) began to fall. Never have there been such rains since
that time. They fell ________(52), day and night, days passing into
months, into years, into centuries. They poured into the waiting
ocean basins, or, falling upon the continental masses, ________(53)
away to become sea.

That primeval ocean, growing ________(54) as the rains slowly
filled its basins, must have been only ________(55) salt. But the
falling rains were the symbol of the dissolution of the continents.
________(56) the rains began to fall the lands began to be
________(57) and carried to the sea, it is an endless, ________(58)
process that has never stopped the dissolving of the rocks, the
________(59) cout of their contained minerals, the carrying of the
rock fragments and dissolved minerals to the ocean. And
________(60) the eons of time, (极漫长的时期) the sea has grown ever more
bitter with the salt of the continents.

41.    
a.    
traditionally
         
b.   
gradually       
c.   
contrarily              
d.   
incidentally

42.    
a.    
surrounded
         
b.   
encircled       
c.   
enveloped             
d.   
rounded

43.    
a.    
lines                     
b.   
coats             
c.   
tiers                     
d.    layers

44.    
a.    
very
                   
b.   
so                 
c.   
too                       
d.    as

45.    
a.    
within                  
b.   
without         
c.   
with                     
d.    together
with

46.    
a.    
to                        
b.   
from                    
c.   
in                         
d.    on

47.    
a.    
some                    
b.   
little              
c.   
no                        
d.    much

48.    
a.    
thin                      
b.   
thick                    
c.   
tough                   
d.    rough

49.    
a.    
daylight                
b.   
darkness        
c.   
brightness             
d.   
moonlight

50.    
a.    
surface                 
b.    plate
             
c.   
crust                           
d.    shell

51.    
a.    
rocks                   
b.   
dusts             
c.   
clouds                  
d.    rains

52.    
a.    
instantly               
b.   
immediately   
c.   
continuously         
d.   
increasingly

53.    
a.    
went                           
b.   
drained          
c.   
flowed                 
d.    ran

54.    
a.    
once and
all          
b.    in
bulk           
c.    in
sum                  
d.    all
together

55.    
a.    
softly                   
b.   
fairly             
c.   
faintly                  
d.    feebly

56.    
a.    
At the
moment             
b.    In a
moment  
c.    From the
moment  
d.    For a
moment

57.    
a.    
washed
down       
b.    torn
away             
c.    washed
off           
d.    worn
away

58.    
a.    
inexorable             
b.   
merciless       
c.   
inelastic                
d.   
inevitable

59.    
a.    
separating             
b.   
obtaining       
c.   
leaching                
d.   
gaining

60.    
a.    
at                         
b.   
with              
c.   
over                     
d.    for

 

Part IV   Translation: In
this part, you are provided with eight passages. Choose one English
passage and one Chinese passage at your own wills and translate
them into Chinese (10 points) and English (15 points) respectively.
(25 points in all)

1.        
Researchers for the first time have directly mapped growing human
brains, revealing unsuspected physical changes. The finding,
reported in the journal Nature, may help lay the foundations of how
best to teach language, mathematics and other crucial mental
skills. Every human brain experiences rapid, distinct waves of
almost explosive growth that may determine when it is most
receptive to learning new skills. Educators have long known that
intellectual abilities in language, music and mathematics must be
developed before puberty. The researchers followed half a dozen
children between the ages of 3 and 15, imaging them repeatedly over
the years to create a unique fingerprint of their maturing brains.
They found that growth rates in an area of the brain linked to
language were slow between the ages of 3 and 6 but speeded up from
7 to 15 years, when children normally fine-tune language
skills.

2.        
大多数研究大脑的现代科学家得出结论：人的大脑有三个主要部分。第一部分包括脊髓、脊质(medulla)和脑中区，它控制如呼吸和消化等功能。围绕着大脑第一部分的区域是第二部分。这里是人的情感如激动、恐惧和爱的中心区域，也是味觉和嗅觉区。记忆和学习也由它控制。第三部分是新大脑皮质区(neocortex)，当我们谈起大脑，常把它当作“灰质”区。它将来自于其它两个部分的信息传送到机体，并且接受机体信息。

3.        
Among all cancers, lung cancer is the biggest killer: more than
100,000 Americans die of the disease each year. Giving up smoking
is one way to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the
kitchen, according to a report in the British medical journal
The Lancet. Since 1957, a team of researchers has monitored
the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle-aged men
employed by the Western Electric Co. In Chicago. The study showed
little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the
consumption of foods containing vitamin A. But the data on carotene
intake revealed a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who
had the lowest carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung
cancer; in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene,
only two cases developed.

4.        
一些在动物和人的身上的研究表明，维生素A可能有一些抗癌的功能。各类蔬菜和水果含有大量的维生素A。研究结果表明，胡萝卜素甚至对长期抽烟的人有明显的预防  
肺癌的效果。在确立肺癌与胡萝卜素的联系之前，还要作进一步的研究。与此同时，研究人员警告人们不要服用大量维生素A补品，大剂量的维生素A极其有毒。因而，他们建议保持均衡饮食，各类食物可含有丰富的胡萝卜素。

5.        
Some researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve
color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these
carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more
difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels
of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives we eat are
not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cows and living
animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk
of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not
for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. Although the FDA
has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices are
going on in the country.

6.        
我们食用的食物似乎对健康十分有益。虽然科学在使用食物更适合食用方面采取了无数种措施，它同时也使得许多种食物不宜食用。研究表明，人类疾病的80%与饮食有关，40%的癌症，尤其是结肠癌，也与饮食有关。不同的文化更有可能引起某些不同的疾病，因为某些文化的饮食习惯特征显著。当然，食物与疾病相关不是一个新发现。

7.        
In the 1970s, researchers made chance observations that people with
arthritis, who often took aspirin, seemed less likely to get cancer
than those without. Ten years ago, an obscure paper from Sweden
said patients with advanced colon cancers were given either a
placebo or aspirin, and the patients in the aspirin group lived
twice as long. And, in recent weeks, studies have linked drugs
similar to aspirin that are used to stop inflammation with the
prevention of colon and breast cancer. So, why the time difference
between the initial observations and the eventual study of the
relationship between aspirin and cancer? The answer is quite
simple: Aspirin is cheap and does not generate profits to support
drug company research into cancer-prevention. Health research
graduated from government to the free market 50 years ago. But, the
issues that faced us then were different from what they are now.
Infectious disease is no longer regional or owned by the poor; it
gets on airplanes and can threaten the world days.

8.        
良好的健康对每个人来说都很重要。一个健康体魄的人无论面对什么情况，总是能够精力充沛，享受生活。健康状况差的人尽管他受到良好的教育，他不能获得多大的成功。运动可以帮助每个人保持健康的体魄，可出增强免疫能力。体育锻炼可以增加味口和消化力。参加运动的人能有更多的能量，他消耗能量越多，他使用血液越多。新的血液需要食物使它保持纯洁。运动还可出使我们的头脑更健康。我们在玩耍的时候，我们就使大脑抛开工作和学习。结果，我们的头脑得到放松。

 

Information has obtained unprecedented importance in today’s
world.

In this part you’re required to write a composition not less
than 150 words.

Your composition should be based on the outline below:

 

Information In the Modern Society

Outline:

1.        
Present situation

2.        
Importance of information

3.        
Suggestions