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Hello, listeners! We now have the way to get the authentic book featured on this podcast. If you love learning with a printed book, now you can purchase the book directly from the shop card in the bottom of this article. It’s never been easier to get your hands on the book you need.

Hello everyone! You are listening to 'Learn 10000 English words with Ava'. My name is Ava, and I am a language enthusiast passionate about helping you expand your English vocabulary. The purpose of this podcast is to help you understand and remember over 10,000 English words and phrases in just 180 days, improving your English skills. This is a series program, so to receive notifications for the latest episodes, please click the follow button and mark it as a star. You can also check the previous episodes in the directory at the end of the article. At the end of this episode, we will share an English proverb for you to learn and understand.

听众朋友们，本播客节目所讲解的引进版图书现在可以购买了。如果您喜欢使用纸质书学习，现在您可以点击文章末尾的购物卡片直接购买。非常便捷。

大家好！欢迎收听《与阿瓦一起学习10000个英语单词》。我叫阿瓦，是一名热爱语言的爱好者，致力于帮助你扩展英语词汇量。本播客的目的是帮助你在短短180天内理解和记忆超过10,000个英语单词和短语，从而提升你的英语能力。这是一个系列节目，因此请点击关注按钮并标记为星标，以获得最新节目的通知。你也可以在文章末尾的目录中查看之前的节目。在本期节目的最后，我们将分享一个英语谚语供你学习和理解。

Alright, let's dive into today's topic! In this episode, we will be learning about 'Construction'. We will cover several subtopics, including 87.1: Construction Site (US) / Building Site (UK), 87.2: Machinery, and 87.3: Tools and Roadworks.

好，我们开始今天的话题吧！在这一集中，我们将学习关于“建筑业”的内容。我们将涵盖几个子主题，包括87.1：建筑工地，87.2：机械设备，以及87.3：工具和道路工程。

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In this section, we will discuss various terms related to construction sites, which are essential for understanding the building process. We will cover specific vocabulary that describes tools, materials, and safety equipment commonly found on construction sites.

1. chimney : A structure that allows smoke and gases to escape from a building, typically found on the roof.
2. rafter : A sloped beam used in roof construction that supports the roof covering.
3. ridge beam : The horizontal beam at the top of a roof that supports the rafters.
4. brick : A small rectangular block used in building construction, made from clay or other materials.
5. lintel : A horizontal support beam placed over a door or window opening.
6. hard hat : A protective helmet worn by construction workers to prevent head injuries.
7. construction worker (US) builder (UK) : A person who is employed in the construction industry, performing various tasks on construction sites.
8. window : An opening in a wall, typically covered with glass, that allows light and air into a building.
9. wall : A vertical structure that defines and encloses a space.
10. ladder : A tool used for climbing up or down, consisting of two side rails and a series of rungs.
11. construction site (US) / building site (UK) : The location where construction is taking place, including all the activities and materials involved.
12. pallet : A flat structure used for storing and transporting goods, often made of wood.
13. lumber (US) timber (UK) : Processed wood used for construction, including beams, boards, and planks.
14. safety notice board : A board displaying safety information and warnings on a construction site.
15. ear protectors / ear muffs : Protective equipment worn to reduce noise exposure on a construction site.
16. high-visibility vest : A brightly colored vest worn to ensure that workers are easily seen in low-light conditions.
17. safety gloves : Protective gloves worn to prevent injuries to the hands while working.
18. safety glasses : Eyewear designed to protect the eyes from flying debris and hazardous materials.
19. tool belt : A belt worn by a worker to hold and carry tools conveniently while working.
20. girder : A large beam that supports the framework of a building.
21. pipe : A cylindrical tube used for conveying liquids or gases.
22. cement / mortar : A mixture used in construction to bind materials together; cement is the powder, while mortar is the wet mixture used for masonry.
23. cinder block (US) breeze block (UK) : A hollow concrete block used for building walls.
24. shingles (US) roof tiles (UK) : Flat pieces used to cover the roof of a building, providing protection from the elements.
25. to build : The action of constructing or assembling something, typically a structure or a building.

在本节中，我们将讨论与建筑工地相关的各种术语，这些术语对于理解建筑过程至关重要。我们将涵盖描述工具、材料和常见安全设备的特定词汇，这些词汇通常出现在建筑工地上。

1. 烟囱：一种允许烟雾和气体从建筑物中排出的结构，通常位于屋顶上。
2. 椽：用于屋顶建设的倾斜梁，支撑屋顶覆盖物。
3. 脊梁：屋顶顶部的水平梁，支撑椽。
4. 砖：用于建筑施工的小矩形块，通常由粘土或其他材料制成。
5. 过梁：放置在门或窗开口上方的水平支撑梁。
6. 安全帽：建筑工人佩戴的保护头盔，以防止头部受伤。
7. 建筑工人：在建筑行业工作的人员，在建筑工地上执行各种任务。
8. 窗户：墙上的一个开口，通常用玻璃覆盖，让光和空气进入建筑物。
9. 墙：定义和封闭空间的垂直结构。
10. 梯子：用于上下攀爬的工具，由两个侧梁和一系列踏板组成。
11. 建筑工地：进行建筑活动的位置，包括所有相关的活动和材料。
12. 托盘：用于存储和运输货物的平面结构，通常由木材制成。
13. 木材：用于建筑的加工木材，包括梁、板和木板。
14. 安全公告板：展示安全信息和警告的板子，在建筑工地上使用。
15. 耳罩：用于减少在建筑工地上噪音暴露的保护装备。
16. 反光背心：一种鲜艳颜色的背心，确保工作人员在低光条件下易于被看到。
17. 安全手套：为了防止工作时手部受伤而佩戴的保护手套。
18. 安全眼镜：旨在保护眼睛免受飞溅物和有害材料影响的眼镜。
19. 工具腰带：工人佩戴的皮带，用于方便地携带和存放工具。
20. 大梁：支撑建筑框架的大型梁。
21. 管道：用于输送液体或气体的圆柱形管道。
22. 水泥 / 灰泥：用于建筑中将材料粘合在一起的混合物；水泥是粉末，而灰泥是用于砌砖的湿混合物。
23. 煤渣砖：用于建筑墙壁的中空混凝土块。
24. 屋顶瓦片：覆盖建筑物屋顶的平片，提供对天气的保护。
25. 建造：构建或组装某物的动作，通常是一个结构或建筑。

Okay, let's use the vocabulary we've learned to create a paragraph that will help us understand the usage of these words and deepen our memory.

好吧，让我们使用所学的词汇来创建一个段落，帮助我们理解这些词的用法并加深记忆。

As the sun rose over the construction site, several construction workers arrived wearing their hard hats. One worker climbed up the ladder to inspect the chimney while others were busy stacking bricks and carrying lumber. The ridge beam was carefully positioned, supported by sturdy rafters that would hold the weight of the roof.

Nearby, another worker marked the wall for window placements, ensuring they followed the safety guidelines posted on the safety notice board. He wore a high-visibility vest, safety glasses, and safety gloves to protect himself. As they worked, someone called out to remind them to wear their ear protectors and stay clear of the girder.

Suddenly, the foreman shouted to check the lintel above the entrance. It looked perfect, ready to support the pipe installations next. The workers paused momentarily, taking a breather on a pallet while discussing how many cinder blocks they would need for the next phase. They were all excited to continue working together to build this new structure, enjoying the team spirit that made the project worthwhile.

随着太阳升起，几位建筑工人抵达了建筑工地，他们都戴着安全帽。一名工人爬上梯子检查烟囱，而其他人正忙着堆放砖和搬运木材。脊梁小心地被安放在坚固的椽上，以稳稳支撑屋顶的重量。

附近，另一位工人在给墙上标记窗户的位置，确保遵循安全公告板上的安全指南。他穿着反光背心、安全眼镜和安全手套，以保护自己。在他们工作时，有人提醒大家记得佩戴耳罩，并远离大梁。

突然，工头提醒大家检查入口的过梁，看起来一切都很完美，准备支撑接下来的管道安装。工人们稍作休息，坐在一个托盘上，讨论接下来需要多少煤渣砖。大家都期待能继续一起建造这座新结构，享受这种团队合作的快乐，这也是这个项目的真正价值所在。

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In this section, we will explore various types of machinery commonly used in construction and heavy industries. Understanding these terms will help you become more familiar with the equipment that plays a crucial role in these fields.

1. jib : A jib is a projecting arm on a crane used to support the load and extend the reach of the lifting apparatus.
2. hook : A hook is a curved or bent device that is used to grab or hold something, often used in conjunction with cranes to lift heavy objects.
3. support : Support refers to a structure or mechanism that holds up or stabilizes another structure, ensuring it remains in place during operation.
4. tower crane : A tower crane is a type of crane that is fixed to the ground and provides height and lifting capability for construction projects, especially in urban areas.
5. counterweight : A counterweight is a weight that balances another weight, typically used in cranes to ensure stability and prevent tipping during lifting.
6. dump truck (US) dumper truck (UK) : A dump truck is a large vehicle with a bed that can be raised at one end to allow materials to be dumped out, commonly used for transporting loose materials.
7. truck-mounted crane : A truck-mounted crane is a crane that is mounted on a truck chassis, allowing for mobility and the ability to transport heavy loads quickly.
8. bulldozer : A bulldozer is a powerful machine equipped with a broad blade at the front, used for pushing large quantities of soil, rubble, or other materials during construction or demolition.
9. front loader : A front loader is a type of heavy machinery that has a large bucket at the front for scooping and loading materials, often used in excavation and construction tasks.
10. grader : A grader is a piece of construction equipment used for leveling and grading the surface of the ground, typically featuring a long blade that can be adjusted for depth.
11. flatbed truck : A flatbed truck is a vehicle with a flat, open bed that is used for transporting large or heavy items that do not fit inside an enclosed truck.
12. cement mixer : A cement mixer is a machine used to combine cement, aggregate, and water to create concrete, ensuring that the mixture is homogenous and ready for use.
13. forklift (US) fork-lift truck (UK) : A forklift is a powered industrial truck equipped with fork-like prongs for lifting and moving heavy materials, commonly used in warehouses and construction sites.

在这一部分，我们将探讨建筑和重工业中常用的各种机械设备。理解这些术语将帮助你更加熟悉在这些领域中发挥重要作用的设备。

1. 起重臂 : 起重臂是起重机上突出的臂，用于支撑负载并延长提升装置的伸展范围。
2. 挂钩 : 挂钩是一个弯曲或弯折的装置，用于抓住或固定某物，通常与起重机一起使用以提升重物。
3. 支柱 : 支柱指的是一个结构或机制，用于支撑或稳定另一个结构，确保其在操作过程中保持不动。
4. 塔吊 : 塔式起重机是一种固定在地面上的起重机，提供高度和提升能力，特别适用于城市建设项目。
5. 配重 : 配重是用来平衡另一个重量的重物，通常用于起重机，以确保稳定性并防止在提升过程中翻倒。
6. 自卸卡车 : 自卸卡车是一种大型车辆，车厢一端可以抬起，以便将物料倾倒出来，通常用于运输散装材料。
7. 卡车起重机 : 卡车起重机是一种安装在卡车底盘上的起重机，具备机动性，可以快速运输重物。
8. 推土机 : 推土机是一种强力机械，前面配有宽大的刀片，用于在建筑或拆迁过程中推土、推碎石或其他材料。
9. 铲车 : 铲车是一种重型机械，前面有一个大型铲斗，用于铲取和装载材料，通常用于挖掘和建筑工作。
10. 平地机 : 平地机是一种用于平整和整平地面的建筑设备，通常配有可调深度的长刀片。
11. 平板卡车 : 平板卡车是一种具有平坦开放车厢的车辆，用于运输不适合放入封闭卡车的大件或重物。
12. 混凝土搅拌机 : 混凝土搅拌机是一种用于将水泥、骨料和水混合以制成混凝土的机器，确保混合物均匀并可供使用。
13. 叉车 : 叉车是一种动力工业卡车，配有叉状爪，用于举升和搬运重物，通常用于仓库和建筑工地。

Okay, let's use the vocabulary we've learned to create a paragraph that will help us understand the usage of these words and deepen our memory.

好吧，让我们使用所学的词汇来创建一个段落，帮助我们理解这些词的用法并加深记忆。

On a bustling construction site, the crew was busy preparing for the next phase of their project. A tower crane loomed above, its jib extending outward, ready to lift heavy materials. "Make sure the hook is secure before we start," shouted Mike, the site supervisor.

Nearby, a dump truck was unloading gravel while a bulldozer pushed dirt around. "Once we have the foundation set, we’ll need the counterweight adjusted on that crane," said Sarah, the engineer, pointing towards the crane. "And don’t forget to call for the truck-mounted crane when we need to lift those heavy steel beams."

As the day progressed, a front loader arrived to move more materials, followed by a grader to level the ground. The site was alive with the sounds of machinery, including a cement mixer churning away in the background. "I’ll drive the flatbed truck to bring in the next load," announced Tom, ready to assist.

Lastly, the forklift was busy stacking pallets of bricks, ensuring everything was organized and accessible for the workers. "Teamwork is key," Mike reminded everyone, as they worked together to complete the project on schedule.

在一个繁忙的建筑工地上，工人们忙于为项目的下一个阶段做准备。一台塔吊高高耸立，起重臂向外伸展，准备提起重物。“在开始之前，确保挂钩安全，”现场主管迈克大声叫道。

附近，一辆自卸卡车正在卸砂石，推土机正在推土。“一旦基础设定好，我们需要调整那台起重机上的配重，”工程师萨拉指着起重机说道。“而且别忘了在我们需要吊起那些重钢梁时叫来卡车起重机。”

随着一天的进行，一台铲车抵达以移动更多材料，随后是一台平地机来平整地面。工地上充满了机械的声音，在背景中还有一台混凝土搅拌机在不断运转。“我会开平板卡车来运送下一批材料，”汤姆宣布，准备提供帮助。

最后，叉车正在忙着堆放砖块托盘，确保一切井然有序，工人们可以随时取用。“团队合作是关键，”迈克提醒大家，他们一起努力按时完成项目。

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In this section, we will discuss various tools commonly used in roadworks and construction. Understanding these tools is essential for anyone involved in this field.

1. trowel : A small hand tool with a pointed, scoop-shaped metal blade used for digging, smoothing, or spreading material.
2. level (US) spirit level (UK) : A tool used to determine if a surface is horizontal or vertical, ensuring accurate alignment in construction.
3. handle : The part of a tool or device that is designed to be held or manipulated by a person.
4. shovel : A tool with a broad blade and a handle, used for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials.
5. pickax (US) pickaxe (UK) : A tool with a pointed end and a flat end, used for breaking up hard ground and rocks.
6. sledgehammer : A heavy hammer used for delivering powerful blows, typically for demolition or driving stakes.
7. excavator / digger : A large construction vehicle used for digging and moving earth, equipped with a bucket at the end of a rotating arm.
8. You must wear a hard hat while you're on the site. : A safety precaution indicating that a hard hat is required to protect your head from potential hazards on a construction site.
9. roller : A heavy machine used to compact soil, asphalt, or other materials, ensuring a smooth and level surface.
10. cone : A traffic device shaped like a cone, used to redirect or control traffic during roadworks.
11. resurfacing : The process of applying a new layer of material to a surface, typically to restore its quality or improve its appearance.
12. jackhammer (US) pneumatic drill (UK) : A powerful tool that uses a hammering action to break up hard surfaces, such as concrete or asphalt.
13. road construction (US) roadworks (UK) : The process of building or repairing roads, which involves various activities and the use of specialized equipment.

在这一部分，我们将讨论道路施工和建筑中常用的各种工具。了解这些工具对任何参与这一领域的人都是至关重要的。

1. 抹刀 : 一种小型手工具，具有尖头和铲形金属刀片，用于挖掘、抹平或涂抹材料。
2. 水平仪 : 一种用于确定表面是否水平或垂直的工具，确保建筑中的准确对齐。
3. 手柄 : 工具或设备上设计用于被人握持或操作的部分。
4. 铲子 : 一种具有宽刀片和手柄的工具，用于挖掘、提升和移动散装材料。
5. 镐 : 一种具有尖端和平坦端的工具，用于打破坚硬的土壤和岩石。
6. 大锤 : 一种重型锤子，用于施加强力打击，通常用于拆除或打桩。
7. 挖掘机 : 一种大型建筑车辆，用于挖掘和移动土壤，配备有一个旋转臂末端的铲斗。
8. 你在工地上时必须戴安全帽。 : 一种安全预防措施，表明必须佩戴安全帽以保护头部免受施工现场潜在危险的伤害。
9. 压路机 : 一种重型机器，用于压实土壤、沥青或其他材料，确保表面光滑平整。
10. 锥桶 : 一种交通设备，形状像圆锥，用于在道路施工期间重新引导或控制交通。
11. 重铺 : 向表面施加新材料层的过程，通常用于恢复其质量或改善外观。
12. 风钻 : 一种强力工具，利用锤击动作打破硬表面，如混凝土或沥青。
13. 道路施工 : 建设或修复道路的过程，包括各种活动和使用专用设备。

Okay, let's use the vocabulary we've learned to create a paragraph that will help us understand the usage of these words and deepen our memory.

好吧，让我们使用所学的词汇来创建一个段落，帮助我们理解这些词的用法并加深记忆。

As the sun rose over the busy construction site, the workers gathered their tools. Trowels in hand, they prepared to smooth out the foundations. One of the foremen checked the level, making sure everything was in place before they moved on. "Grab the handle of that shovel and start digging!" he instructed one of the new workers.

Meanwhile, another worker was using a pickax to break up the hard ground, while the operator of a sledgehammer was demolishing old concrete. The excavator roared to life as it began to dig deep into the earth, making way for the new road.

"Hey, remember," shouted the foreman, "you must wear a hard hat while you're on the site!" Just then, the roller arrived to flatten the surface, and a large cone was placed near the entrance to keep cars away from the working area.

After a few hours of resurfacing, they switched to the jackhammer to break up the remaining asphalt. With all this road construction happening, the workers knew that they were making progress on the city’s infrastructure.

当太阳升起，工地上，忙碌的工人们聚集在一起，手中拿着抹刀，准备平整地基。一名工头检查水平仪，确保一切都在合适的位置，然后可以继续工作。他对新来了的工人说：“抓住那把手柄，开始挖掘！”

与此同时，另一名工人正在用镐破碎坚硬的地面，而一名工人则在用大锤拆除旧混凝土。此时，挖掘机轰鸣启动，开始深挖土壤，为新路开辟。

“嘿，记住，”工头大喊，“在工地上时你必须要戴安全帽！”这时，一辆压路机到达，开始压平地面，入口处放了一个锥桶，以防止车辆靠近施工现场。

经过几个小时的重铺，他们开始用风钻破碎剩余的沥青。在大量的道路施工进行中，工人们知道他们正在为城市的基础设施做出贡献。

That's all for today's episode of the podcast. Thank you for listening! Don't forget to check the English proverb at the end of the article. If you found my explanations helpful, please continue to follow my program and share it with your friends. See you next time!

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