[1] 中华医学学会重症医学分会. 呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断、预防和治疗指南(2013) [J]. 中华内科杂志，2013，52（6）：526-543.

[2] Braden Waters, John MuscedereA. 2015 Update on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: New Insights on Its Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment[J]. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 2015, 17(8):496. 

[3] 袁月华. 机械通气精要[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社，2016.

[4] 王辰. 呼吸治疗教程[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社，2010.

[5] Stijn I Blot, Jordi Rello, Despoina Koulenti. The value of polyurethane-cuffed endotracheal tubes to reduce microaspiration and intubation-related pneumonia: a systematic review of laboratory and clinical studies[J]. Crit Care, 2016, 20(1):203.

[6] Diaz E, Rodrliguez A H, Rello J. Ventilator-associated pneumonia：issues related to the artificial airway[J]. Respir Care, 2005, 50(7):900-906.

[7] 中华医学会呼吸病学分会呼吸治疗学组．人工气道气囊的管理专家共识(草案)[J]．中华结核和呼吸杂志，2014，37（11）：816-819．

[8] Dave M H, Frotzler A, Weiss M. Closed tracheal suction and fluid aspiration past the tracheal tube. Impact of tube cuff and airway pressure[J]. Minerva Anestesiol, 2011, 77:166-171.

[9] Lizy C, Swinnen W, Labeau S, et al. Cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes after changes in body position in critically ill patients treated with mechanical ventilation[J]. Am J Crit Care, 2014, 23:e1-e8.

[10] Zanella A, Scaravilli V, Isgrò S, et al. Fluid leakage across tracheal tube cuff, effect of different cuff material, shape, and positive expiratory pressure: a bench-top study[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2011, 37: 343-347.

[11] Young P J, Pakeerathan S, Blunt M C, et al. A low-volume, low-pressure tracheal tube cuff reduces pulmonary aspiration[J]. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34:632-639.

[12] Poelaert J, Depuydt P, De Wolf A, et al. Polyurethane cuffed endotracheal tubes to prevent early postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery: a pilot study[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 135: 771-776.

[13] Lorente L, Lecuona M, Jiménez A, et al. Influence of an endotracheal tube with polyurethane cuff and subglottic secretion drainage on pneumonia[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176: 1079-1083.

[14] El-Orbany M, Salem M R. Endotracheal tube cuff leaks: causes, consequences, and management[J]. Anesth Analg, 2013, 117:428-434.

[15] Berra L, De Marchi L, Panigada M, et al. Evaluation of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretion in an in vivo study[J]. Crit Care Med, 2004, 32:2071-2078.

[16] Lacherade J C, De Jonghe B, Guezennec P, et al. Intermittent subglottic secretion drainage and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multicenter trial[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 182:910-917.

[17] DePew C L, McCarthy M S. Subglottic secretion drainage. A literature review[J]. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2007, 18:366-379.

[18] Lorente L, Lecuona M, Jiménez A, et al. Influence of an endotracheal tube with polyurethane cuff and subglottic secretion drainage on pneumonia[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176:1079-1083.

[19] Ying Li, Xue Yuan, Bing Sun, et al. Rapid-flow expulsion maneuver in subglottic secretion clearance to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled study[J]. Ann Intensive Care, 2021, 24;11(1):98.