上海名校高中自主招生英语语法(培优)16讲

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2T|

第01讲：冠词与数词及主谓一致

考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接

❖考点归纳

一、冠词与数词

1.定冠词the:

⑴用于前面已说过的人或事，也可用于说话方、听话方都知道的共同指代事物前

⑵序数词、最高级、江河、山脉、群岛、特指事物(如定语从句)、独一无二的事物、报刊、

乐器、某些专有名词前；用于某些名词前表抽象意义，如bepleasedto加eeye

(3)特指一家人、一类人：Greens(此时将其视作复数对待),r/zcpoor,汕edisabled

(4)某些固定搭配，如themore…〃more,patsb.ontheshoulder,etc.

2.零冠词：

(1)gotoschool与gototheschool/inclass与intheclass/attable与atthetable/infrontof与

inthefrontof/takeplace与taketheplaceof/thethreeofus与threeofus等

⑵表示玩球时，球类名词前为零冠词；季节、月份、节假日、日期、星期、称呼、三餐等名

词前为零冠词(注：球类名词前可加the,如加eballoverthere)

⑶用于复数可数名词前表不定指；某些表示时间的词前为零冠词，如nextweek,atnight

(4)普通职称、头衔前一般零冠词，如PresidentKennedy

3.不定冠词a与an:

⑴用于名字前，表示不确定的某人

(2)第一次提到某事物或表示一类事物前；用于某些单位前(tenmiles劭hour/payby加ehour)

⑶特殊结构，如manya/an；某些不可数名词具体化时，多需加a/an,如knowledge

4.注意某些情况下有无冠词的区别，如thedoctorandthelawyeru>thedoctorandlawyer

5.时间、数字、分数等的正确表达以及ahundred与hundredsof/unitsix与thesixthunit

6.注意特殊的数词表达方式：

(1)twodozen(num.)eggs<=>dozens(〃.)ofeggs(将dozen等词视作hundred解题)

(2)几十年代inthe+数词复数，如inthe1990s(inthe1990's/inthenineteennineties)

在某人的几十岁时inone's+数词复数(整十数)

二、主谓一致

7.一些名词：(斜杠分隔不同种类的名词，每一类名词仅举数例)

a.police,people,youth,cattle,poultry+v.(plural)

b.furniture,knowledge,clothing,luggage,baggage,vegetation,machinery+v.(single)

c.clothes,trousers/glasses/belongings,savings,surroundings,sufferings,understandings/

arms,goods,manners,suburbs,wages/theOlympicGames+v.(plural)

d.politics,physics,mathematics,economics,electronics,theUnitedStates+v.(single)

e.time/distance/weight/money+v.(usuallysingle)

e.g.S5isenough.Tenyearshavepassedsincehereturned.

f.sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese,means,species,series,works+v.(singleorplural)

e.g.TheChinesespeakChinese.

g.family,group,class,team,crew,staffspopulation,audience,committee,club,crowd,public,

party,government+v.(singleorplural)

h.potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,Negroes,mosquitoes+v.(plural)

8.一些结构：

a.notonly...but(also)/neither...nor…乂型蚪QIZ"Whether...or.../

正确理解“就近原

I贝ij”如题52

therebe(stand,lie,live,etc.)就近原则J'-________

b,each,every+n./neither,either+v.(single)

c.both...and…/…and…常用复数

d.Tom,aswellashisfriends,isgoingtothebar.(but,exceptfor,besides,alongwith,together

with,inadditionto,etc.)可视作插入语

9.比较:

a.Theworkerandnovelistisgoingtoleave.<=>Theworkerandthenovelistaregoingtoleave.

b.Morethanonestudentlikesbungeejump.<=>Manyastudentlikesit.<=>Fewlikethefilm.

c.30%oftheappleisbad.030%oftheapplesarebad.

d.Therestofthewaterisn7fittodrink.<=>Therestofthebooksarefittoread.

e.Tomisoneofthestudentswhohavebeengiventheprizes,oTomisthe{only,very)oneof

thestudentswhohasbeengiventheprizes.

f.Therich/pooraresinging.<=>Thedyingboyiswaiting.=Thegood/evilisthere.

g.Apairofglassesisnotexpensive.=Hisglassesarebroken.

h.Whathewantsaremorebooks.=Whathewantsismoremoney.

i.Anumberofbooksareinteresting,oThenumberofthebooksisinteresting.

j.Theremainingofthepeoplearehelpingus.<=>Noneofthebooksis/areinteresting.

k.Allissilent.(物)万籁俱寂。{environment^sth.)<=>Allarcsilent.(人)鸦雀无声。(people,sb.)

/.Thiskindofbookssellswell.<=>Booksofthiskindsellwell.

10.某些数词：

a.alotof/plentyof+/?.([C]or[U])+v.(singleorplural)

b.some,any,every,no+-body,-one,-thing+v.(single)/all,some,any+n.(plural)+v.(plural)

11.注意：

a.ItisIthatamrightonthematter.

b.Thatheboughtsomebooksyesterdayissurprising.

c.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

d.Doingalotofexercisesbenefitsusstudents.

e.ItwasTom&JerrywhoIwantedtomeet.

f.of问题：Thispairofshoesisgreat./Mostofthestudentsarehere.

对应平衡结构：Theaudiencehaveseats,"s”提示此处audience不指一个整体，故用have

g.what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most等的谓语单复数由指代词决定

h.带all,most,half,part,rest,percent,one-third等词的名词词组由中心词决定谓语动词

I.当并列主语指的是同一人、物或概念时，或and连接两个含有every,each,no的名词短语时，谓语动词用-

❖考前巩固

LPutinthe、a,anorV（whichmeansnoarticleisneeded）”.

1.Samhadworkedthirtyyearsforsamecompanyandnowhehadtoretire.Assign

ofgratitude,companyhelddinnerinhishonor."Sam,"announcedboss,

“itismygreathonortopresentgifttoyouonbehalfofcompany.^^Samwalked

downtofrontofthetableandacceptedgiftwithpride.Itwasgold

watchandonitwaswritten"TofaithfillSamforthirtyyearsofservice"Samwept."Iamat

lossforwords."Athome,Sam'swifelookedatgoldwatchcritically."Forthis

youworkedthirtyyears?cheapgold-platedwatch?”"It'sthought,dear,“

answeredSam,"importantthingisthatIamnotworkinganymore.Hiswifeheld

goldwatchtoherearandsaid,"Neitherisyourwatch.”

2.Benitaenjoyswearingjewelry.

3.Theytoldmethattheyhadrespectfortheiremployer.

4.Thisisfirsttimethatthechildhasseenelephant.

5.Formanypeople,childhoodwasahappytime.

6.Ittakescouragetobeginanewlifeinstrangecountry.

7.Sheiswearingbeautifuldresshermotherboughther.

8.Ihadtroublewithcarthismorning.

9.Athome,MilesDaviswillplaypianoeverynight.

10.OlympicGamesfor2008wereheldinChina.

11.Childrenshouldbetaughttobehavethemselvesattable.

12.Ifyou'reinahurry,taketaxi.

13.Hewassenttoprisonforstealing.

14.Mywatchgainstwelvesecondsday.（我的手表每天快12秒。）

15.TheChingDynastyinChina（清王朝）wasoverthrowninautumnof1911.

16.sickhavebeencured,losthavebeenfound,anddeadhavebeenrevived.

17.Whatonearthareyoudoing?

18.Hekickedmeinbelly(肚子).

ILCompletethefollowingsentences,writingallthefiguresinwords.

1.Couldyousendme(1,830本)copiesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporary

English(1995)?

2.Alicecountedthetreesasshewalked,andshestoppedat(第100棵那里).

3.Inthatcity,(七分之一的在职妇女)havereceivedhighereducationandiflltake

them(一亥1J钟时间)tohaveeachclass.

4.Couldyougiveme(三打鸡蛋)and(两公斤面粉).

5.Itissaidthat(一条八英寸的鱼)wascaughtinthelake.

6.(20世名己60年代),mostChinese,regardlessofsex,woredarkjacketsandtrousers.

7.Shelooks(50冈U出头)；butinfactshe'salready(61岁了).

8.(一千多本的小册子)havebeengivenout.

9.(在过去的几年里),(成百上千的)newbusinesseshavesprungup.

III.Chooseanacceptableverbform(aorb)fromthetwogiveninbrackets.

ab

1.Theirearnings(comes,come)to500dollarsaweek.

2.TheNewYorkTimes(is,are)publisheddaily.

3.TheUnitedNations(was,were)formedinSanFranciscoin1945.

4.Thegovernment(is,are)doingitsbesttoboostproduction.

5.Thefootballteam(is,are)havingbathsand(is,are)thencomingbackherefortea.

6.Thepoultry(is,are)keptinthebackyard.

7.Pancakeandsyrup(is,are)atastybreakfast.

8.Milkingthecows,inadditiontoseveralotherchores,(was,were)hisresponsibility.

9.Eachmenandeachwomenthere(is,are)askedtohelp.

10.Thetenthandthelastchapter(was,were)translatedbyBob.

11.ThenumberanddiversityofBritishnewspaper(is,are)considerate.

12.Anoldermanoramaturewoman(is,are)neededforthisjob.

13.TheStarsandStripes(is,are)theirnationalemblem.

14.EitherTrinaorMaria(is,are)suretoknowtheanswer.

15.Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,indeed,everyhouroftheday,(produces,produce)

somechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofthesemountains.

16.Manyaboy(was,were)disappointedafterseeingthefilm.

17.Twomoredollars(is,are)missingfromthetill(收银机抽屉)thismorning.

18.Anumberofpages(is,are)highlypriced.

19.Thenumberofpagesassignedfordailyreading(was,were)graduallyincreasedtotwelve.

20.Atotalof50,000newbicycles(was,were)registeredintheyear.

21.Theactualtotaloftheunemployed(is,are)believedtoexceed10,000.

22.Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresent(is,are)againsttheplan.

23.Three-fburthsofthesurfaceoftheearth(is,are)sea.

24.Theselastthreeyears(has,have)beenfullofsurprise.

25.Themajorityofthedamage(is,are)easytorepair.

26.Themajorityofcriminals(is,are)youngmen.

27.Allofthefruit(looks,look)ripe.

28.All(is,are)eagertoleavenow.

29.Fewofmyfamily(understands,understand)me.

30.Thesetypeofcars(is,are)inexpensive.

31.Theyoung(is,are)notalwaysromantic.

32.Thebeautiful(is,are)notalwaysthesameasthegood.

33.Whyheenteredthehouseandhowhemanagedtogetoutofitwithoutbeingnoticedbypeople

(remains,remain)amysterytousall.

34.Wateringtheflowersandlookingafterthechildren(is,are)allIhavetodoeveryday.

35.She'stheonlyoneofthesewomenwho(plays,play)bridgewell.

36.It'sIwho(am,is)toleaveatonce.

37.It'smewho(am,is)responsiblefbrtheorganization.

IV.Choosethebestanswer.

1.Timfailedtoremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butheknewitwasSundaybecause

everybodywasatchurch.

A./...theB.a.../C./...aD.the.../

2.Theideaoftravelingthroughspacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeopletoday.

A.aB.theC./D.one

3.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_____telephonein1876.

A./B.aC.oneD.the

4._____calledjustnow,buthedidn'tmentionhisfullname.

A.Mr.GreenB.TheMr.GreenC.AMr.GreenD.ThatMr.Green

5.Ispentmylastweekendwith

A.Palmer'sB.thePalmers9C.thePalmersD.thePalmer's

6.Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain_____goodknowledgeofbasicword

formation.

A./B.theC.aD.one

7.Thecakesaredelicious.He'dliketohavethirdonebecausesecondoneisrathertoo

small.

A.a...aB.the...theC.a...theD.the...a

8.Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedinleg.

A.aB.oneC.theD.his

9.Hisdaughterisalwaysshyinandsheneverdarestomakeaspeechto.

A.thepublic...thepublicB.public...thepublic

C.thepublic...publicD.public...public

10.PapermoneywasinuseinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin13th

century.

A.the.../B.the...theC./...theD./.../

11.policemanasheis,hehasnorighttodosuchthings.

A./B.TheC.AD.One

12.Iknowyoudon'tlike_____musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof______musicinthisfilm?

A./.../B.the...theC.the.../D./...the

13.Thetrainisrunning50miles_____.

A.anhourB.onehourC.thehourD.ahour

14.Whaton_____earthareyoutalkingabout?

A.anB.theC./D.a

15.Theirvictoryis_____,forthey'velosttoomanymen.

A.outofquestionB.outofthequestionC.outquestionD.ofquestion

16.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith_____animalsof______differentkindunlesstheykill

themforfood.

A.the...aB./...aC.the...theD./...the

17.Asarule,theyarepaid_____.

A.byanhourB.bythehourC.byhourD.byhours

18.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby_____seainsteadofdrivingacross_____continent.

A.the...theB./...theC.the.../D./.../

19.Theyreceived_____oflettersabouttheirmagazine.

A.dozenB.dozenanddozenC.scoreD.dozens

20._____ofthebuildingswereruined.

A.ThreefourthB.Three-forthC.Three-fburthsD.Three-forths

21.TheOlympicGames_____held_____.

A.is...eachfouryearsB.are...eachfouryearC.is...everyfouryearD.are...everyfouryears

22.Motheraskedmetobuyseveral_____eggsforbreakfast.

A.dozenB.dozensC.dozenofD.dozensof

23.Largequantitiesofwater_____forirrigation.

A.isneededB.hasneededC.areneededD.need

24.Thebookiswonderful,especially.

A.aThirdPartB.PartThirdC.PartThreeD.thePartThree

25.Russiaisinsize.

A.secondtononeB.firstC.secondtonoD.thefirst

26.Hewillbebackin.

A.threeandahalfamonthB.threemonthsandhalf

C.threeandahalfmonthsD.threeandhalfamonth

27.It'saboutridebycar.

A.aeighteenhour'sB.aeighteen-hourC.aneighteen-hourD.aneighteen-hours,

28.WhenIlookbackonmypastfewyears,Ifoundquiteofmistakes.

A.numberB.thenumberC.anumberD.numbers

29.Personally,Ithinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirls,toblame.

A.isB.thatisC.areD.whoare

30.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildrenastronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.

A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave

31.Thesignonthedoorreads:uIncaseoffire,breaktheglassandpushredbutton.

A./...aB./...theC.the...theD.a...a

32.Thereis"i"(7)in^happiness",butno"y"(w勿)init.

A.aB./C.anD.the

主调一致专题训练1

1.English,aswellasChinese,noteasytomaster.

A.isB.areC.beingD.bothare

2.Hisfamilyratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.

A.isB.areC.beingD.was

3.Eitheryouortheheadmastertheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.

A.ishandingoutB.istohandoutC.arehandingoutD.aretohandout

4.E-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.

A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play

5.Booksofthiskind_____well.

A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold

6.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_____tothenationasagift.

A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered

8.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfbrdifferentreasons.

A.were...wasB.was...wasC.was...wereD.were...were

9.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftoccupiedinthegreathall.

A.isB.areC.wasD.has

10.Fivemultipliedbytwo_____ten.

A.isequalB.equalsC.areequaltoD.equalto

11.Thepairofshoes_____wornout.

A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen

12.Allbutone_____herejustnow.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

13.NooneexceptJackandTom_____theanswer.

A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing

14.Eachofthestudents,workinghardinhisorherlessons,_____togotouniversity.

A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.arehoping

15.Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,_____therealready.

A.willbeB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen

16.Peter,perhapsJohn,_____playingwiththelittledog.

A.seemsB.wereC.areD.is

17.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung,_____sportsandgames.

A.areenjoyingB.wereenjoyingC.enjoysD.enjoy

18.Bothriceandwheat_____growninthatcountry.

A.isB.areC.wasD.has

19.Fromthevalley_____afrighteningsound.

A.comesB.comeC.arecomingD.havecome

20.Nexttoit_____manyrestaurantswherewecanhavedinner.

A.isB.areC.hasD.was

21.Idon'tthinkthreedays_____tothecinema.

A.isB.areC.beingD.tobe

22.Allbuthimandmetothecinema.

A.aregoingB.isgoingC.wasgoingD.aregone

23.Therestofthenovel_____veryinteresting.

A.wereB.areC.isD.havebeen

24.Someperson_____callingforyouatthegate.

A.willbeB.isbeingC.isD.are

25.Mostofthemistakesbecauseofcarelessness.

A.weremakingB.hasbeenmadeC.aremadeD.wasmaking

26.Thenumberoffbx,mountainlionsandwildroses_____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.

A.doesn?tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed

27.Plentyofsugar_____already_____totheoverseasmarketsince1987.

A.have...shippedB.have...beenshippedC.has...beenshippedD.has...shipped

28.Deer_____fasterthandogs.

A.willrunB.arerunningC.runsD.run

29.Thereinhissittingroom.

A.aretoomanyfurnituresB.aretoomuchfurnitures

C.aretoomuchfurnitureD.istoomuchfurniture

30.Theofficestaffgatheredtohearthepresidentspeak.

A.isB.beC.areD.will

31.areahard-workingrace.

A.AChineseB.ChineseC.TheChinesesD.TheChinese

32.Thepolice_____aprisoner.

A.issearchingforB.aresearchingforC.issearchingD.wassearching

33.About30%ofthepopulationofthecountry__onfarms.

A.liveB.staysC.livesD.isliving

34.Ithink100dollars____enoughforthecomingrally.

A.willhaveB.isC.areD.wouldbe

35.TheArabianNights_____wellknowntoEnglishlovers.

A.isbeingB.areC.wereD.is

36.Slowandsteady____therace.

A.winB.winsC.beatD.beats

37.Tom'steacherandfriendMr.Smith.

A.hasB.arebeingC.isD.are

38.Thefollowing_someotherexamples.

A.areB.isC.wasD.were

39.Acarandhorseinthedistance.

A.wasseenB.wereseenC.seeD.sees

40.Thenewsuretoreplacetheold.

A.isB.willC.areD.were

41.Thewounded_____goodcareofherenow.

A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.isbeingtaken

42.Twogallonsofgas_____allIcanafford.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

43.Thefactory,includingitsequipment,_____burntlastnight.

A.isB.areC.wereD.was

44.Hisfamilymusiclovers.

A.allareB.areallC.isD.arebeing

45.Nomanandnoanimalinthatisland.

oA.istobefoundB.aretofindC.istofindD.aretobefound

46.Noteacherandnostudent_____admittedintothisbuilding.

A.areB.wereC.isD.arebeing

47.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.

A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.hasseemed

48.NeitherhenorI_____fortheplan.

A.wereB.isC.areD.am

49.Betweentwobuildings_____amonument.

A.standingB.arestandingC.standsD.stand

50.ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.

A.arehavingB.hashadC.hasD.have

❖真题链接

1.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,younevergetsecondchancetomake

firstimpression.

A.a...theB.the...theC.a...aD.the...a

2.Everythingcomeswithprice;thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.

A.a...aB.the.../C.the...aD.a.../

3.It'sgoodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiWorldExpothatgivesthem

pleasure.

A./...aB.a.../C.the...aD.a...the

4.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertscausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

5.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthatpeoplefromallwalksoflifeare

workinghardfornewJiangsu.

A./...aB./...theC.the...aD.the...the

6.-Iseveryonehere?

-Notyet...Look,theretherestofourguests!

A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming

7.Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsinspace,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto

_____earth.

A.the...theB./...theC.the.../D.a...the

8.Ifwesitnearfrontofthebus,we'Hhavebetterview.

A./...theB./...aC.the...aD.the...the

9.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.

A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt

10.Inmostcountries,auniversitydegreecangiveyouflyingstartinlife.

A.the...aB.the.../C./.../D./...a

11.SuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somedifficultto

understand.

A.are...areB.is...isC.are...isD.is...are

12.Manylifestylepatternsdosuchgreatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedup

oweakeningofthehumanbody.

A.a.../B./...theC.a...theD./.../

13.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.

A.a...aB.a...theC.the...theD.a.../

14.Ashereachedfrontdoor,Jacksawstrangesight.

A.the.../B.a...theC./...aD.the...a

15.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichsavedfbrotherpurposes.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

16.Incommunication,asmileisusuallystrongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude.

A.the.../B.a...anC.a.../D.the...an

17.One-thirdofthecountrycoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensblack

people.

A.is...areB.is...isC.are...areD.are...is

18.-IfssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000year.

一Right,hewillalsogetpaidbyweek.

A.the...theB.a...theC.the...aD.a...a

19.Takeyourtime一it'sjustshortdistancefromheretorestaurant.

A./...theB.a...theC.the...aD./...a

20.Asisknowntoall,___People'sRepublicofChinais_biggestdevelopingcountryinthe

world.

A.the.../B./...theC.the...theD./.../

21.Dr.PeterSpence,____headmasteroftheschool,toldus,____fifthofpupilsheregoonto

studyatOxfordandCambridge.

A./...AB./...TheC.the...TheD.a...A

22.Expertsthinkthat_____recentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybe____Picasso.

A.the.../