A comprehensive review of the Arab American health literature is presented alongside recommendations for future research to better understand the health needs of this minority population in the United States. Health literature is reviewed by health behavior (vaccination, tobacco use, drug and alcohol use, and physical activity), health outcome (diabetes, mental health, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and women’s and children’s health), and population at increased risk of poor health outcomes (adolescents and the elderly). A description of the methodological challenges to undertaking research on the health needs of Arab Americans is also presented.