[1] Jervell A, Lange-Nielsen F. Congenital
deaf-mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q-T interval and
sudden death[J]. Am Heart J, 1957,54(1):59-68. DOI: 10.1016/0002-
8703(57)90079-0.
[2] Abrams DJ, Macrae CA. Long QT syndrome[J].
Circulation,2014,129(14):1524-1529. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 113.003985.
[3] Schwartz PJ, Stramba-Badiale M, Crotti L,
et al. Prevalence of the congenital long-QT syndrome[J].
Circulation,2009,120(18):1761-1767. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.863209.
[4] Cuneo BF, Kaizer AM, Clur SA, et al.
Mothers with long QT syndrome are at increased risk for fetal death: findings
from a multicenter international study[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol,
2020,222(3):263.e1-263.e11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.004.
[5] Crotti L, Tester DJ, White WM, et al. Long
QT syndrome- associated mutations in intrauterine fetal death[J]. JAMA,
2013,309(14):1473-1482. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.3219.
[6] Kasak L, Rull K, Yang T, et al. Recurrent
pregnancy loss and concealed long-QT syndrome[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,
2021,10(17):e021236. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021236.
[7] Welzel T, Donner B, van den Anker JN.
Intrauterine growth retardation in pregnant women with long QT syndrome treated
with beta-receptor blockers[J]. Neonatology, 2021,118(4):406-415. DOI:
10.1159/000516845.
[8] Weeke PE, Kellemann JS, Jespersen CB, et
al. Long-term proarrhythmic pharmacotherapy among patients with congenital long
QT syndrome and risk of arrhythmia and mortality[J]. Eur Heart J,
2019,40(37):3110-3117. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz228.
[9] Bolin EH, Whittington JR, Mehl ST, et al.
Fetal magnetocardiography for the diagnosis of fetal dysrhythmias:
single-center experience over 8 years[J]. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2022,8(9):1161-1163.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022. 05.011.
[10] Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK,
et al. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement
from the American Heart Association[J]. Circulation,2014,129(21): 2183-2242.
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437597. 44550.5d.
[11] Cuneo BF, Strasburger JF, Yu S, et al. In
utero diagnosis of long QT syndrome by magnetocardiography[J]. Circulation,
2013,128(20):2183-2191. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113. 004840.
[12] Desai L, Wakai R, Tsao S, et al. Fetal
diagnosis of KCNQ1- variant long QT syndrome using fetal echocardiography and
magnetocardiography[J]. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2020,43(4):430-433. DOI:
10.1111/pace.13900.
[13] Cuneo BF, Strasburger JF, Wakai RT. The
natural history of fetal long QT syndrome[J]. J Electrocardiol,
2016,49(6):807-813. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.07.023.
[14] Wacker-Gussmann A, Strasburger JF, Wakai
RT. Contribution of fetal magnetocardiography to diagnosis, risk assessment,
and treatment of fetal arrhythmia[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2022,11(15):e025224.
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.025224.
[15] Strand S, Lutter W, Strasburger JF, et al.
Low-cost fetal magnetocardiography: a comparison of superconducting quantum
interference device and optically pumped magnetometers[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,
2019,8(16):e013436. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013436.
[16] Suganthy M, Joy SI, Anandan P. Detection
of fetal arrhythmia by adaptive single channel electrocardiogram extraction[J].
Phys Eng Sci Med, 2021,44(3):683-692. DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021- 01016-z.
[17] Behar JA, Bonnemains L, Shulgin V, et al.
Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal
arrhythmias[J]. Prenat Diagn, 2019,39(3):178-187. DOI: 10.1002/pd.5412.
[18] Biloborodova T, Scislo L, Skarga-Bandurova
I, et al. Fetal ECG signal processing and identification of hypoxic pregnancy
conditions in-utero[J]. Math Biosci Eng, 2021,18(4):4919-4942. DOI:
10.3934/mbe.2021250.
[19] Keenan E, Karmakar C, Udhayakumar RK, et
al. Detection of fetal arrhythmias in non-invasive fetal ECG recordings using
data-driven entropy profiling[J]. Physiol Meas, 2022,43(2):025008.DOI:
10.1088/1361-6579/ac4e6d.
[20] Sethi N, Funamoto K, Ingbar C, et al.
Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography in the diagnosis of long QT syndrome: a
case series[J]. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2020,47(9):711-716. DOI: 10.1159/000508043.
[21] Behar J, Zhu T, Oster J, et al. Evaluation
of the fetal QT interval using non-invasive fetal ECG technology[J]. Physiol
Meas, 2016,37(9):1392-1403. DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/9/1392.
[22] Widatalla N, Kasahara Y, Kimura Y, et al.
Model based estimation of QT intervals in non-invasive fetal ECG signals[J].
PLoS One, 2020,15(5):e0232769. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232769.
[23] Asatryan B, McClellan R, De La Uz CM.
Pre-natal clues of a genetic tale: how foetal heart rate foretells long QT
syndrome[J]. Europace, 2023,25(11):euad322.DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad322.
[24] Chaudhry-Waterman N, Dara B, Bucholz E, et
al. Fetal heart rate <3rd percentile for gestational age can be a marker of
inherited arrhythmia syndromes[J]. J Clin Med, 2023,12(13):4464. DOI:
10.3390/jcm12134464.
[25] Ataíde Silva R, R Sousa A, de Carvalho
MSL, et al. Congenital long QT syndrome presenting as unexplained
bradycardia[J]. BMJ Case Rep, 2022,15(3):e242362.DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242362.
[26] Segaran P, Kamalarathnam C, Murugesan A,
et al. Long QT syndrome: Presenting as fetal bradycardia[J]. J Clin Neonatol,
2022,11(3): 179. DOI: 10.4103/jcn.jcn_147_21.
[27] Miyoshi T, Sakaguchi H, Shiraishi I, et
al. Potential utility of pulsed-wave Doppler for prenatal diagnosis of fetal
ventricular tachycardia secondary to long QT syndrome[J]. Ultrasound Obstet
Gynecol, 2018,51(5):697-699. DOI: 10.1002/uog.18819.
[28] Chabaneix J, Andelfinger G, Fournier A, et
al. Prenatal diagnosis of long QT syndrome with the superior vena cava-aorta
Doppler approach[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2012,207(4):e3-7. DOI:
10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.058.
[29] Clur SB, Vink AS, Etheridge SP, et al.
Left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time is prolonged in fetal long-QT
syndrome[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2018,11(4):e005797. DOI:
10.1161/CIRCEP.117.005797.
[30] Vink AS, Kuipers IM, De Bruin-Bon R, et
al. A potential diagnostic approach for foetal long-QT syndrome, developed and
validated in children[J]. Pediatr Cardiol, 2018,39(7):1413-1422. DOI:
10.1007/s00246-018-1911-y.
[31] Blais BA, Satou G, Sklansky MS, et al. The
diagnosis and management of long QT syndrome based on fetal
echocardiography[J]. HeartRhythm Case Rep, 2017,3(9):407-410. DOI:
10.1016/j.hrcr.2017.04.007.
[32] Rad EM, Ilali HM, Majnoon MT, et al.
Mechanical QT and JT intervals by M-mode echocardiography: An extrapolation
from the concurrent electrocardiographic tracings[J]. Ann Pediatr Cardiol,
2022,15(4):364-373. DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_169_21.
[33] Adler A, Novelli V, Amin AS, et al. An
International, multicentered, evidence-based reappraisal of genes reported to
cause congenital long QT syndrome[J]. Circulation, 2020,141(6):418-428. DOI:
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043132.
[34] Wilde A, Amin AS, Postema PG. Diagnosis,
management and therapeutic strategies for congenital long QT syndrome[J].
Heart, 2022,108(5):332-338. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318259.
[35] Moore JP, Gallotti RG, Shannon KM, et al.
Genotype predicts outcomes in fetuses and neonates with severe congenital long
QT syndrome[J]. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2020,6(12):1561-1570. DOI:
10.1016/j.jacep.2020.06.001.
[36] Chivers S, Ovadia C, Regan W, et al.
Systematic review of long QT syndrome identified during fetal life[J]. Heart
Rhythm, 2023,20(4):596-606. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.12.026.
[37] Strand S, Strasburger JF, Cuneo BF, et al.
Complex and novel arrhythmias precede stillbirth in fetuses with de novo long
QT syndrome[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2020,13(5):e008082. DOI:
10.1161/CIRCEP.119.008082.
[38] Flöck A, Herberg U, Gembruch U, et al.
Clinical spectrum of fetal long QT syndrome: a single-center experience[J]. J
Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2015,28(14):1731-1735. DOI:
10.3109/14767058.2014.967205.
[39] Pérez-Riera AR, Barbosa-Barros R,
Daminello Raimundo R, et al. The congenital long QT syndrome type 3: An
update[J]. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J, 2018,18(1):25-35. DOI:
10.1016/j.ipej.2017.10.011.
[40] Kaizer AM, Winbo A, Clur SB, et al.
Effects of cohort, genotype, variant, and maternal β-blocker treatment on
foetal heart rate predictors of inherited long QT syndrome[J]. Europace,
2023,25(11) :euad319.DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad319.
[41] Neves R, Bains S, Bos JM, et al. Precision
therapy in congenital long QT syndrome[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med,
2022,34(1):39-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.06.006.
[42] Ishibashi K, Aiba T, Kamiya C, et al.
Arrhythmia risk and β- blocker therapy in pregnant women with long QT
syndrome[J]. Heart, 2017,103(17):1374-1379. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016- 310617.
[43] Dusi V, Pugliese L, De Ferrari GM, et al.
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for long QT syndrome: 50 years' experience
provides guidance for management[J]. JACC Clin Electrophysiol,
2022,8(3):281-294. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021. 09.002.
[44] Kaufman ES, Eckhardt LL, Ackerman MJ, et
al. Management of congenital long-QT syndrome: commentary from the experts[J].
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2021,14(7):e009726. DOI:
10.1161/CIRCEP.120.009726.
[45] Miyake A, Sakaguchi H, Miyazaki A, et al.
Successful prenatal management of ventricular tachycardia and second-degree atrioventricular
block in fetal long QT syndrome[J]. HeartRhythm Case Rep, 2017,3(1):53-57. DOI:
10.1016/j.hrcr. 2016.09.001.
[46] Li G, Zhang L. The role of mexiletine in
the management of long QT syndrome[J]. J Electrocardiol, 2018,51(6):1061-1065.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.08.035.
[47] Bos JM, Crotti L, Rohatgi RK, et al.
Mexiletine shortens the QT interval in patients with potassium channel-mediated
type 2 long QT syndrome[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2019,12(5):e007280.
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.118.007280.
[48] Adamos G, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T. Medical
therapy for long QT syndrome[J]. Mini Rev Med Chem, 2018,18(6):495-506. DOI:
10.2174/1389557517666170707110000.